Bhadra Swapnodeep, Das Chandan, Bawali Sriparna, Bhattacharya Arijit
AMR-Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Rd., Kolkata, 700126, India.
Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Jun 23;207(8):184. doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04384-2.
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling is largely noncanonical in kinetoplastids. With virtual absence of canonical cAMP effectors including cyclic nucleotide sensitive protein kinase A regulatory subunits. Through a number of RNAi screens, a group of novel cAMP-responsive effectors were identified from Trypanosoma with 11 members, assigned as cAMP Response Proteins (CARPs, CARP1 to 11). Four of the CARPs were reported earlier, recently the remaining seven were identified. Except for CARP3 and CARP11, the orthologues for other CARPs can be identified from Leishmania. An intricate evolutionary analysis performed earlier indicated CARP1 and CARP4 from Leishmania major comprise features of horizontally transferred genes. Aiming for comprehensive understanding of the evolution of CARPs, the study further extends the evolutionary analysis to newly annotated CARP orthologues from L. major. The study reveals the phylogenetic relation among kinetoplastid CARP orthologues and functional divergence. A systemic codon adaptation profiling suggested horizontal transfer for some of the CARPs. Alongside, structural analysis highlighted heterogeneity among the T. brucei and L. major orthologues.
环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）信号传导在动基体生物中大多是非经典的。由于几乎不存在包括环核苷酸敏感蛋白激酶A调节亚基在内的经典cAMP效应物。通过一系列RNA干扰筛选，从锥虫中鉴定出一组新的cAMP反应效应物，共有11个成员，被命名为cAMP反应蛋白（CARP，CARP1至11）。其中四个CARP先前已有报道，最近鉴定出了其余七个。除CARP3和CARP11外，其他CARP的直系同源物可从利什曼原虫中鉴定出来。早期进行的一项复杂进化分析表明，来自硕大利什曼原虫的CARP1和CARP4具有水平转移基因的特征。为了全面了解CARP的进化，该研究进一步将进化分析扩展到来自硕大利什曼原虫新注释的CARP直系同源物。该研究揭示了动基体生物CARP直系同源物之间的系统发育关系和功能差异。系统的密码子适应性分析表明，一些CARP存在水平转移。此外，结构分析突出了布氏锥虫和硕大利什曼原虫直系同源物之间的异质性。
