Bell Jason, Howard Zachary, Pond Stephen, Visser Troy, Fitzgerald Madison, Schmitt Megan, Loft Shayne, Michailovs Steph
School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
Defence, Science, Technology Group (DSTG), Stirling, WA, Australia.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2025 Jun 23;10(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s41235-025-00646-1.
Technological advances mean that it is now possible to represent the entire 360° view of the horizon to a submarine periscope operator simultaneously, in strips on a single display, as opposed to the restricted view offered through a conventional periscope aperture. Initial research showing performance improvements for such panoramic displays is promising. However, that research has yet to consider the importance of alignment between the visual representation of the environment on the periscope display and the operator themselves (i.e. the visual field compatibility principle). Using a simulated periscope operator task, the current study assessed whether the degree of display-operator alignment influences periscope operator geospatial situation awareness (SA). Four increasingly misaligned display configurations and three different operator orientations (relative to simulated Ownship travel) were assessed. Trained novices (N = 83) were tasked with judging the position of contacts on their display by pointing a joystick at their "real-world" location to measure geospatial SA. Results revealed a strong influence of display-operator alignment on geospatial SA: an aligned display representing contacts in front of an operator at the top of the display and contacts behind an operator at the bottom of the display, produced better geospatial SA (faster, more accurate responses) than other, less aligned display configurations. Diffusion modelling indicated that greater display alignment improved geospatial SA by both increasing information-processing speed and decreasing the amount of evidence required to make decisions. We conclude that geospatial SA can be facilitated by panoramic designs that maximise the alignment of the display to the external world.
技术进步意味着现在有可能将地平线的整个360°视野同时以条带形式在单个显示器上呈现给潜艇潜望镜操作员，这与传统潜望镜孔径所提供的受限视野形成对比。初步研究表明，这种全景显示器的性能有所提升，前景乐观。然而，该研究尚未考虑潜望镜显示器上环境的视觉呈现与操作员自身之间对齐的重要性（即视野兼容性原则）。本研究通过模拟潜望镜操作员任务，评估了显示器与操作员的对齐程度是否会影响潜望镜操作员的地理空间态势感知（SA）。评估了四种对齐程度逐渐降低的显示配置以及三种不同的操作员方向（相对于模拟的本舰航行方向）。训练有素的新手（N = 83）的任务是通过将操纵杆指向其“现实世界”位置来判断显示器上接触物的位置，以测量地理空间态势感知。结果显示，显示器与操作员的对齐对地理空间态势感知有很大影响：一种对齐的显示器，在显示器顶部呈现操作员前方的接触物，在显示器底部呈现操作员后方的接触物，与其他对齐程度较低的显示配置相比，产生了更好的地理空间态势感知（反应更快、更准确）。扩散模型表明，更大程度的显示器对齐通过提高信息处理速度和减少决策所需的证据量来改善地理空间态势感知。我们得出结论，全景设计通过使显示器与外部世界的对齐最大化，可以促进地理空间态势感知。
