The University of Western Australia, Crawley.
Defence Science and Technology Group, Canberra, Australia.
Hum Factors. 2023 Nov;65(7):1473-1490. doi: 10.1177/00187208211045872. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
Examine the extent to which increasing information integration across displays in a simulated submarine command and control room can reduce operator workload, improve operator situation awareness, and improve team performance.
In control rooms, the volume and number of sources of information are increasing, with the potential to overwhelm operator cognitive capacity. It is proposed that by distributing information to maximize relevance to each operator role (increasing information integration), it is possible to not only reduce operator workload but also improve situation awareness and team performance.
Sixteen teams of six novice participants were trained to work together to combine data from multiple sensor displays to build a tactical picture of surrounding contacts at sea. The extent that data from one display were available to operators at other displays was manipulated (information integration) between teams. Team performance was assessed as the accuracy of the generated tactical picture.
Teams built a more accurate tactical picture, and individual team members had better situation awareness and lower workload, when provided with high compared with low information integration.
A human-centered design approach to integrating information in command and control settings can result in lower workload, and enhanced situation awareness and team performance.
The design of modern command and control rooms, in which operators must fuse increasing volumes of complex data from displays, may benefit from higher information integration based on a human-centered design philosophy, and a fundamental understanding of the cognitive work that is carried out by operators.
考察在模拟潜艇指挥控制室中增加跨显示器的信息整合程度，能否降低操作人员的工作量、提高操作人员的态势感知能力并改善团队绩效。
在控制室中，信息的数量和来源都在增加，有可能超过操作人员的认知能力。有人提出，通过将信息分配给与每个操作人员角色最相关的位置（增加信息整合），不仅可以降低操作人员的工作量，还可以提高态势感知能力和团队绩效。
16 支由 6 名新手组成的团队接受了培训，共同协作，将来自多个传感器显示器的数据组合起来，形成对周围海域接触情况的战术画面。在团队之间，操纵了一个显示器的数据在其他显示器上对操作人员的可见性（信息整合）。团队绩效评估为生成战术画面的准确性。
与低信息整合相比，提供高信息整合时，团队能够构建更准确的战术画面，并且个体团队成员的态势感知能力更好，工作量更低。
以以人为中心的设计方法来整合指挥和控制环境中的信息，可以降低工作量，并提高态势感知能力和团队绩效。
在现代指挥和控制室内，操作人员必须融合来自显示器的日益增加的复杂数据，基于以人为中心的设计理念和对操作人员执行的认知工作的基本理解，更高的信息整合可能会使设计受益。
