Xue Ningning, Wang Ying, Wang Ziyuan, Zeng Xin, Wang Jiongke, Zhang Xuefeng
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2025 Jun 23. doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01068-3.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the head and neck, characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The traditional treatment approach for OSCC typically involves a combination of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Over the last few decades, the 5-year overall survival rate for OSCC has remained relatively stagnant at approximately 50-60%. Recently, the rapid progress in immunotherapy has revolutionized OSCC treatment, particularly through the use of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Additionally, other modalities such as costimulatory agonists, adoptive cellular therapy, cytokine immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, and photoimmunotherapy have shown promising feasibility and efficacy in relevant preclinical and clinical studies. Future directions for OSCC immunotherapy include precision medicine and research into the pathogenesis of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and standardization of management methods. Furthermore, nano-immunotherapy is expected to be a significant trend in OSCC treatment. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是一种常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤，其特征为免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境。OSCC的传统治疗方法通常包括手术切除、放疗和化疗的联合应用。在过去几十年中，OSCC的5年总生存率一直相对停滞在约50%-60%。最近，免疫治疗的快速进展彻底改变了OSCC的治疗方式，特别是通过使用免疫检查点阻断疗法。纳武单抗和帕博利珠单抗已被美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）的免疫治疗。此外，其他治疗方式，如共刺激激动剂、过继性细胞治疗、细胞因子免疫治疗、癌症疫苗和光免疫治疗，在相关的临床前和临床研究中已显示出有前景的可行性和疗效。OSCC免疫治疗的未来方向包括精准医学以及对免疫相关不良事件（irAE）发病机制的研究和管理方法的标准化。此外，纳米免疫治疗有望成为OSCC治疗的一个重要趋势。临床试验编号：不适用。
