Zhang Shujuan, Liu Xiaoqiu, Zhong Yuxin, Fu Yu
School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2025 Jun 25;41(6):2290-2309. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.250060.
Uric acid (UA) is the final metabolite of purines in the human body. An imbalance in UA production and excretion that disrupts homeostasis leads to elevated blood UA levels and the development of hyperuricemia (HUA). Approximately one-third of UA is excreted through the intestinal tract. As a crucial component of the intestinal microenvironment, the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating blood UA levels. Alterations or imbalances in gut microbiota composition are linked to the onset of HUA, which implies the potential of gut microbiota as a novel target for the prevention and treatment of HUA. This review introduces the occurrence mechanism and damage of hyperuricemia, examines the association between HUA and the gut microbiota and their metabolites, and explores the molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-targeted therapies for HUA. Furthermore, it discusses the potential applications of probiotics, prebiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine (including both single herbs and compound formulas) with UA-lowering effects, along with cutting-edge technologies such as fecal microbiota transplantation and machine learning in HUA treatment. This review provides valuable perspectives and strategies for improving the prevention and treatment of HUA.
尿酸（UA）是人体嘌呤的终末代谢产物。尿酸生成与排泄失衡，破坏体内平衡，会导致血尿酸水平升高及高尿酸血症（HUA）的发生。约三分之一的尿酸通过肠道排出。作为肠道微环境的关键组成部分，肠道微生物群在调节血尿酸水平方面发挥着关键作用。肠道微生物群组成的改变或失衡与高尿酸血症的发生有关，这意味着肠道微生物群有潜力成为预防和治疗高尿酸血症的新靶点。本文综述介绍了高尿酸血症的发生机制与危害，探讨了高尿酸血症与肠道微生物群及其代谢产物之间的关联，并探究了针对肠道微生物群治疗高尿酸血症的分子机制。此外，还讨论了具有降尿酸作用的益生菌、益生元及中药（包括单味药和复方）的潜在应用，以及粪便微生物群移植和机器学习等前沿技术在高尿酸血症治疗中的应用。本文综述为改善高尿酸血症的预防和治疗提供了有价值的观点和策略。
