Yang Zixin, Xie Heqiang, Zhu Jinlin, Wang Hongchao, Lu Wenwei
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2025 Jun 25;41(6):2373-2387. doi: 10.13345/j.cjb.250206.
The gut microbiota is closely related to human health, and various gut microbiota health indices have been developed to assist in evaluating the health of the gut microbiota and even the overall health of the human body. Diets are one of the main factors that regulate the gut microbiota, while there is still no good method for evaluating the regulatory effects of dietary factors. To assess the regulatory effects of dietary factors on the gut microbiota of overweight individuals, we conducted an fermentation experiment based on 17 dietary factors, and developed an evaluation method for the regulatory effects of dietary factors based on the health index with principal component analysis (hiPCA). The results showed that most dietary factors had positive regulatory effects on the gut microbiota of overweight individuals. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and puerarin were the most significant dietary factors in regulating the gut microbiota of overweight individuals. The analysis of the contribution of species to the hiPCA indicated that GOS and puerarin might inhibit the activities of bacteria associated with overweight by regulating , , , , and Lachnospiraceae bacterium 9_1_43BFAA. In addition, GOS may further enhance the inhibition of these activities by regulating Lachnospiraceae bacterium 6_1_63FAA, thereby reducing the gut health risks in overweight individuals. In summary, this study evaluated the health effects of dietary factors based on the hiPCA and specifically analyzed the role of different dietary factors in regulating the gut microbiota of overweight individuals. This provides new ideas and methods for improving gut microbiota health and has potential applications in the field of precision nutrition.
肠道微生物群与人类健康密切相关，人们已开发出各种肠道微生物群健康指数，以协助评估肠道微生物群的健康状况，甚至人体的整体健康状况。饮食是调节肠道微生物群的主要因素之一，然而，目前仍没有评估饮食因素调节作用的良好方法。为了评估饮食因素对超重个体肠道微生物群的调节作用，我们基于17种饮食因素进行了一项发酵实验，并利用主成分分析健康指数（hiPCA）开发了一种饮食因素调节作用的评估方法。结果表明，大多数饮食因素对超重个体的肠道微生物群具有积极的调节作用。低聚半乳糖（GOS）和葛根素是调节超重个体肠道微生物群最显著的饮食因素。对物种对hiPCA贡献的分析表明，GOS和葛根素可能通过调节[此处原文缺失部分菌名]和9_1_43BFAA毛螺菌科细菌的活性来抑制与超重相关的细菌活动。此外，GOS可能通过调节6_1_63FAA毛螺菌科细菌进一步增强对这些活动的抑制作用，从而降低超重个体的肠道健康风险。总之，本研究基于hiPCA评估了饮食因素的健康影响，并具体分析了不同饮食因素在调节超重个体肠道微生物群中的作用。这为改善肠道微生物群健康提供了新的思路和方法，在精准营养领域具有潜在的应用价值。
