Awadalla Eatemad A, Amin Yahia A, Ali Rana A, Gbr Samia A, Gelany Wafaa Ibraheem, Nour Amna H M
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2025 Jun 23;26(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s40360-025-00953-9.
BACKGROUND: Acetamiprid (ACMP), one of the most widely used and effective insecticides globally, can pose potential toxicity to mammals. β-carotene (βC) is a prominent carotenoid precursor to vitamin A and exhibits antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the protective effect of βC as an antioxidant against ACMP toxicity in rats. METHODS: A total of 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups: the control group received 1% DMSO; the βC group received 100 mg/kg of β-carotene; the ACMP group received 40 mg/kg of acetamiprid; and the ACMP + βC group received both ACMP and βC. Liver and kidney tissues were used for biochemical analyses (total oxidative stress [TOS] and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]), as well as histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses (MPO immunostaining). RESULTS: The ACMP group, compared to the control and βC groups, showed a significant increase in TOS levels (p < 0.001) in both liver and kidney tissue homogenates, along with a significant decrease in TAC in the same tissues. The ACMP + βC group exhibited significantly lower TOS levels (p < 0.01) and significantly higher TAC levels (p < 0.05) than the ACMP group in the liver and kidney tissue homogenates. Furthermore, histopathological alterations were observed in both organs. Changes such as congestion of central veins and blood sinusoids in the liver were noted. In most cases, hepatocytes exhibited basophilic cytoplasm, vacuolar cytoplasm, and pyknotic nuclei. Renal alterations included atrophy of the renal corpuscle, reduced glomerular cellularity, marked dilation of the urinary space, desquamated epithelial cells in the tubular lumen, inflammatory cell infiltration, and congestion of interstitial blood capillaries. In contrast, the ACMP + βC group showed significant improvements in these histopathological changes. MPO immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the ACMP group compared to the other three groups. CONCLUSION: Co-treatment with β-carotene and acetamiprid reduced ACMP-induced toxicity by enhancing antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative stress.
背景：啶虫脒（ACMP）是全球使用最广泛且有效的杀虫剂之一，可能对哺乳动物具有潜在毒性。β-胡萝卜素（βC）是维生素A的一种重要类胡萝卜素前体，具有抗氧化特性。本研究评估了βC作为抗氧化剂对大鼠ACMP毒性的保护作用。 方法：总共40只雄性白化大鼠被分为四组：对照组接受1%二甲基亚砜（DMSO）；βC组接受100mg/kg的β-胡萝卜素；ACMP组接受40mg/kg的啶虫脒；ACMP + βC组同时接受ACMP和βC。肝脏和肾脏组织用于生化分析（总氧化应激 [TOS] 和总抗氧化能力 [TAC]），以及组织病理学、组织化学和免疫组织化学分析（髓过氧化物酶 [MPO] 免疫染色）。 结果：与对照组和βC组相比，ACMP组肝脏和肾脏组织匀浆中的TOS水平显著升高（p < 0.001），同时相同组织中的TAC显著降低。在肝脏和肾脏组织匀浆中，ACMP + βC组的TOS水平显著低于ACMP组（p < 0.01），TAC水平显著高于ACMP组（p < 0.05）。此外，在两个器官中均观察到组织病理学改变。注意到肝脏出现中央静脉和血窦充血等变化。在大多数情况下，肝细胞表现出嗜碱性细胞质、空泡状细胞质和固缩核。肾脏改变包括肾小体萎缩、肾小球细胞减少、尿腔明显扩张、肾小管腔内上皮细胞脱落、炎性细胞浸润以及间质毛细血管充血。相比之下，ACMP + βC组在这些组织病理学变化方面有显著改善。MPO免疫染色显示，与其他三组相比，ACMP组显著增加。 结论：β-胡萝卜素与啶虫脒联合治疗通过增强抗氧化能力和降低氧化应激，降低了ACMP诱导的毒性。
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