Zemen Eshetu, Yimer Yimer Seid, Kabeta Negussie Deyessa, Abebe Yonas
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PeerJ. 2025 Jun 20;13:e19529. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19529. eCollection 2025.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Effective self-care, including medication management, dietary changes, exercise, regular blood sugar monitoring, education and support, stress management, regular healthcare visits, foot care, and sleep hygiene, is essential for its management.
The study aimed to gather data on how well patients managed their diabetes through self-care activities, which are crucial for maintaining optimal health outcomes.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals in the Bale zone of Ethiopia from February 5 to March 22, 2024. Using systematic random sampling, 411 patients over 18 with type 2 diabetes were selected. Data were collected interviewer-administered questionnaires, entered into Kobotoolbox, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Choosing all existing public hospitals in Bale Zone provided comprehensive insights into type 2 diabetes management while adhering to ethical standards, ensuring participant protection and enhanced research credibility through valid instruments designed for accurate data collection.
In this study, 59.4% of the 411 participants demonstrated satisfactory diabetes self-care practices, while 40.6% exhibited inadequate practices. Significant factors influencing self-care included higher income (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.19-4.80], < 0.014), private sector employment (AOR: 2.09, 95% CI [1.06-4.13], < 0.033), receiving diabetic education (AOR: 2.85, 95% CI [1.33-6.12], < 0.007), membership in a diabetic association (AOR: 1.85, 95% CI [0.93-3.67], < 0.077), possessing good self-care knowledge (AOR: 2.04, 95% CI [1.24-3.34], < 0.004), and having no diabetic complications (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI [1.64-4.36], < 0.000).
Diabetes self-care practices among type 2 diabetes patients in Bale, Ethiopia, are not sufficient. These practices are affected by several factors, such as socioeconomic status, access to diabetes education, membership in diabetes associations, and overall knowledge about self-care. Targeted support and education are crucial for individuals with lower incomes and those in non-private jobs. Enhancing access to diabetic education and promoting membership in diabetic associations can significantly improve self-care practices. Furthermore, it is essential to focus on knowledge enhancement and preventive care for complications during public hospital follow-ups in the Bale Zone.
2型糖尿病是一种以血糖水平升高为特征的慢性疾病。有效的自我护理，包括药物管理、饮食改变、运动、定期血糖监测、教育与支持、压力管理、定期就医、足部护理和睡眠卫生，对其管理至关重要。
该研究旨在收集有关患者通过自我护理活动管理糖尿病情况的数据，这些活动对于维持最佳健康结果至关重要。
2024年2月5日至3月22日在埃塞俄比亚巴勒地区的公立医院进行了一项横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样，选取了411名18岁以上的2型糖尿病患者。通过访谈员管理的问卷收集数据，录入Kobotoolbox，并使用SPSS 26版进行分析。选择巴勒地区所有现有的公立医院，在遵守道德标准的同时，能全面深入了解2型糖尿病管理情况，通过为准确数据收集设计的有效工具确保参与者得到保护并提高研究可信度。
在本研究中，411名参与者中有59.4%表现出令人满意的糖尿病自我护理行为，而40.6%的行为表现不足。影响自我护理的重要因素包括较高收入（调整优势比（AOR）：2.39，95%置信区间（CI）[1.19 - 4.80]，<0.014）、在私营部门就业（AOR：2.09，95%CI [1.06 - 4.13]，<0.033）、接受糖尿病教育（AOR：2.85，95%CI [1.33 - 6.12]，<0.007）、加入糖尿病协会（AOR：1.85，95%CI [0.93 - 3.67]，<0.077）、具备良好的自我护理知识（AOR：2.04，95%CI [1.24 - 3.34]，<0.004）以及无糖尿病并发症（AOR：2.68，95%CI [1.64 - 4.36]，<0.00）。
埃塞俄比亚巴勒地区2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病自我护理行为并不充分。这些行为受到多种因素影响，如社会经济地位、获得糖尿病教育的机会、加入糖尿病协会情况以及整体自我护理知识。针对低收入者和非私营工作者提供有针对性的支持和教育至关重要。增加获得糖尿病教育的机会并促进加入糖尿病协会可显著改善自我护理行为。此外，在巴勒地区公立医院随访期间，注重知识提升和并发症预防护理也很重要。
