Jensen M P, Karoly P
Int J Psychiatry Med. 1985;15(2):137-47. doi: 10.2190/cjjf-65m6-xllp-e4pc.
The importance of the placebo in medicine is well documented, yet our understanding of placebo effects remains limited. One obstacle to a greater understanding is the fact that the phrase "placebo effect" has been used to refer to a number of qualitatively distinct behavioral events. Thus, different theories have been promulgated, each one tending to explain a selective portion of the placebo phenomenon. To help clarify matters, three kinds of placebo effects are described, and theories that have been used to explain them are reviewed. Limitations of these theories are then discussed, and a general model of placebo effects, based on a control theory perspective, is presented. Some implications and limitations of this model are outlined.
安慰剂在医学中的重要性已有充分记载，但我们对安慰剂效应的理解仍然有限。深入理解的一个障碍是，“安慰剂效应”一词被用来指代一些性质截然不同的行为事件。因此，人们提出了不同的理论，每一种理论都倾向于解释安慰剂现象的一个特定部分。为了帮助厘清问题，本文描述了三种安慰剂效应，并对用于解释它们的理论进行了综述。接着讨论了这些理论的局限性，并提出了一个基于控制理论视角的安慰剂效应通用模型。概述了该模型的一些影响和局限性。
