Newlin D B
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1985 Sep-Oct;9(5):411-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05573.x.
The classical conditioning model of drug tolerance makes a strong prediction of an antagonistic placebo response, or a placebo response that is opposite in direction to the effect of alcohol. In an initial experiment, 85 normal social drinkers consumed near beer (0% alcohol) while autonomic measures were recorded continuously. Subjects who reported mild intoxication (n = 11) showed a significant decrease in heart rate from predrinking baseline compared to subjects who did not report intoxication (n = 57). In a replication study with a suitable control group, subjects who received near beer and reported mild intoxication (n = 8) showed a significant heart rate and electrodermal response opposite in direction to the autonomic effects of alcohol compared to a control group that received a soft drink (n = 10). The antagonist placebo response challenges current conceptualizations of placebo responding, and has implications for classical conditioning theories of alcoholism.
药物耐受性的经典条件作用模型对拮抗安慰剂反应做出了强有力的预测，即一种与酒精作用方向相反的安慰剂反应。在最初的一项实验中，85名正常社交饮酒者饮用了近似啤酒（0%酒精），同时持续记录自主神经指标。报告有轻度醉酒感的受试者（n = 11）与未报告醉酒感的受试者（n = 57）相比，心率从饮酒前基线显著下降。在一项有合适对照组的重复研究中，饮用近似啤酒并报告有轻度醉酒感的受试者（n = 8）与饮用软饮料的对照组（n = 10）相比，心率和皮肤电反应在方向上与酒精的自主神经效应相反。这种拮抗安慰剂反应挑战了当前对安慰剂反应的概念化理解，并对酒精中毒的经典条件作用理论有影响。
