Assaf A R, Cummings K M, Graham S, Mettlin C, Marshall J R
Health Educ Q. 1985 Fall;12(3):259-72. doi: 10.1177/109019818501200304.
This paper presents results from an experimental study designed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three methods of teaching women how to do breast self-examination (BSE). Frequency of BSE, confidence in examination performance, proficiency of BSE technique, and lump detection performance were the main outcome variables assessed. The three training methods compared in this study were provision of a pamphlet describing how to do BSE, having women view a videotape depicting proper performance of BSE, and having women practice doing BSE on a life-like breast model. Results showed that passive methods of BSE instruction such as the use of pamphlets or films were of little value in helping women develop the tactile skills necessary for proficient BSE. Three months after training, it was found that lump detection performance, as measured on silicone breast models, was significantly higher among those women who had been given an opportunity to practice doing the breast examination on a breast model with corrective feedback given by a BSE instructor. The opportunity to practice doing the examination with corrective feedback on performance appears to be a critical variable in the acquisition of BSE skill.
本文展示了一项实验研究的结果，该研究旨在评估三种教导女性如何进行乳房自我检查（BSE）的方法的相对有效性。BSE的频率、对检查表现的信心、BSE技术的熟练程度以及肿块检测表现是评估的主要结果变量。本研究中比较的三种训练方法分别是提供一份描述如何进行BSE的小册子、让女性观看一段描绘正确进行BSE的录像带，以及让女性在逼真的乳房模型上练习进行BSE。结果表明，诸如使用小册子或影片等被动的BSE指导方法，在帮助女性培养熟练进行BSE所需的触觉技能方面几乎没有价值。训练三个月后，发现在硅胶乳房模型上进行测量时，那些有机会在乳房模型上练习进行乳房检查并得到BSE指导教师给予的纠正反馈的女性，其肿块检测表现显著更高。有机会在检查时获得关于表现的纠正反馈，似乎是掌握BSE技能的一个关键变量。
