Gardner Laura Lynne, Abramovich William, Romanov Misha, Flohr Stefan, Kierdorf Uwe, Kierdorf Horst, Almer Jonathan D, Jacobsen Steven D, Gonzalez Gabriela B, Park J-S, Stock Stuart R
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Physics, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA.
J R Soc Interface. 2025 Jun;22(227):20240826. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0826. Epub 2025 Jun 25.
Bone consists mainly of carbonated apatite (cAp) nanoplatelets embedded in a matrix of collagen fibrils. Earlier, high-energy small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies of archaeological adult human second metacarpal bones (mc2) found collagen -period peaks with high-intensity I in specimens in which microcomputed tomography (microCT) showed little diagenesis and I ~ 0 for specimens where microCT revealed severe diagenesis (Park 2022 . , 170-181 (doi:10.1002/oa.3053); Stock . 2022 . , 120-131 (doi:10.1002/oa.3049)). The present paper uses SAXS at beamline 1-ID, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory and other techniques to study a set of 10 mc2 from an early Medieval cemetery at Greding, Germany. We hypothesized that non-invasive measurement of I would provide an accurate and rapid (approx. 6 min/specimen) assessment of diagenesis in archaeological mc2. Results of Raman spectroscopy, laboratory microCT and backscattered electron, reflected light and polarized transmitted light microscopies confirmed the SAXS determinations, but lattice parameter values from X-ray diffraction were uncorrelated with I value. Age-at-death estimates placed the 10 mc2 in three age categories (young adult, middle adult, old adult): lattice parameters from X-ray diffraction were uncorrelated with age at death. Cross-sectional bone area fraction from microCT dropped noticeably for the older age cohort.
骨骼主要由嵌入胶原纤维基质中的碳酸化磷灰石（cAp）纳米片组成。此前，对考古出土的成年人类第二掌骨（mc2）进行的高能小角X射线散射（SAXS）研究发现，在微计算机断层扫描（microCT）显示几乎没有成岩作用的标本中，胶原周期峰具有高强度I，而在microCT显示严重成岩作用的标本中I约为0（Park 2022., 170 - 181 (doi:10.1002/oa.3053); Stock. 2022., 120 - 131 (doi:10.1002/oa.3049)）。本文使用美国阿贡国家实验室先进光子源1-ID光束线的SAXS以及其他技术，对来自德国格雷丁一个中世纪早期墓地的一组10根mc2进行了研究。我们假设对I进行非侵入性测量将为考古mc2的成岩作用提供准确且快速（约6分钟/标本）的评估。拉曼光谱、实验室microCT以及背散射电子、反射光和偏振透射光显微镜的结果证实了SAXS的测定结果，但X射线衍射的晶格参数值与I值不相关。死亡年龄估计将这10根mc2分为三个年龄类别（青年、中年、老年）：X射线衍射的晶格参数与死亡年龄不相关。microCT得出的老年队列的横截面骨面积分数明显下降。
