Alanazi Yasmene F, Alrdahe Salma Saleh, Moussa Zeiad, Darwish Doaa Bahaa Eldin, Alrdahi Haifa, Saber WesamEldin I A
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 10;16:1609361. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1609361. eCollection 2025.
The increasing demand for novel bioactive compounds is driving research into natural sources, particularly through the valorization of agricultural residues. Endophytic fungi have emerged as a promising source of bioactive metabolites with diverse therapeutic potential. We employed a novel approach utilizing the isolated WNZ-21 [identified morphologically and molecularly (ITS: OR857252, gene: PP069312)] in semi-solid-state fermentation to bioconvert common bean biomass residue (RCBB) into a rich source of metabolites with significant therapeutic potential. First, efficiently degraded 67.19% RCBB, exhibiting robust enzymatic activity (cellulase: 18.067 units per gram (U/g), xylanase: 15.967 U/g, protease: 5.550 U/g). The fermented RCBB filtrate exhibited a rich chemical profile, including (mg/g RCBB) amino acids (13.51), phenolics (55.22), flavonoids (11.22), tannins (18.90), and several secondary metabolites. FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of a complex mixture of amino acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and other metabolites. GC-MS analysis identified 17 compounds. The fermented biomass possesses multi-biological activities, including anticancer against hepatocellular carcinoma (IC = 35.62 μg/mL) and mammary gland breast cancer (IC = 59.20 μg/mL) cell lines, with reduced toxicity toward normal human lung fibroblast cells (IC = 76.33 μg/mL). It also exhibits anti-hemolytic activity in erythrocyte protection assays, reducing oxidative stress-induced hemolysis to 4.40%. Additionally, the filtrate demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, providing 36.50% protection after 5 h of treatment. Our findings establish RCBB valorization as a promising route to produce multi-bioactive fungal metabolites. Future research should focus on isolating active compounds, optimizing production, and conducting studies to fully realize therapeutic potential.
对新型生物活性化合物日益增长的需求推动了对天然来源的研究，特别是通过农业废弃物的增值利用。内生真菌已成为具有多种治疗潜力的生物活性代谢物的一个有前景的来源。我们采用了一种新颖的方法，利用分离得到的WNZ-21（通过形态学和分子学鉴定（ITS：OR857252，基因：PP069312））进行半固态发酵，将普通豆科植物生物质残渣（RCBB）生物转化为富含具有显著治疗潜力的代谢物的来源。首先，WNZ-21有效地降解了67.19%的RCBB，表现出强大的酶活性（纤维素酶：18.067单位/克（U/g），木聚糖酶：15.967 U/g，蛋白酶：5.550 U/g）。发酵后的RCBB滤液呈现出丰富的化学组成，包括（mg/g RCBB）氨基酸（13.51）、酚类（55.22）、黄酮类（11.22）、单宁（18.90）以及几种次生代谢物。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）分析表明存在氨基酸、多糖、蛋白质和其他代谢物的复杂混合物。气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析鉴定出17种化合物。发酵后的生物质具有多种生物活性，包括对肝癌细胞系（IC = 35.62 μg/mL）和乳腺乳腺癌细胞系（IC = 59.20 μg/mL）的抗癌活性，对正常人肺成纤维细胞的毒性降低（IC = 76.33 μg/mL）。它在红细胞保护试验中还表现出抗溶血活性，将氧化应激诱导性溶血降低至4.40%。此外，滤液在角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠足爪水肿模型中表现出抗炎活性，治疗5小时后提供36.50%的保护。我们的研究结果表明，RCBB的增值利用是生产多种生物活性真菌代谢物的一条有前景的途径。未来的研究应集中于分离活性化合物、优化生产以及开展研究以充分实现其治疗潜力。
