Huang Yajuan, Guan Qiao, Wu Yirui, Zheng Chaoyang, Zhong Lingyue, Xie Wen, Chen Jiaxin, Huang Juqing, Wang Qi, Zheng Yafeng
College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
Gels. 2025 Jun 18;11(6):465. doi: 10.3390/gels11060465.
This study presents a novel approach for enhancing the survivability of BXM2 using bamboo shoot-derived nanocellulose hydrogels. Nanocellulose hydrogels, composed of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were developed as protective matrices for probiotics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful formation of hydrogen-bonded networks between PVA and nanocelluloses, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the ternary PVA-CNF-CNC hydrogel exhibited a dense, hierarchical porous structure, effectively encapsulating probiotics with an encapsulation efficiency of 92.56 ± 0.53%. Under simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the encapsulated probiotics maintained 8.04 log CFU/g viability, significantly higher than that of free bacteria (3.54 log CFU/mL). The hydrogel also enhanced heat tolerance (6.58 log CFU/mL at 70 °C) and freeze-drying survival (86.92% viability), outperforming binary systems. During 60-day storage at 4 °C and 25 °C, encapsulated probiotics retained viability above the critical threshold (≥6 log CFU/unit), whereas free cells declined rapidly. These findings highlight the potential of PVA-CNF-CNC hydrogel as an efficient delivery system to improve probiotic stability in food applications.
本研究提出了一种利用竹笋衍生的纳米纤维素水凝胶提高双歧杆菌（BXM2）存活率的新方法。由纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）、纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）组成的纳米纤维素水凝胶被开发为益生菌的保护基质。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）证实了PVA与纳米纤维素之间成功形成了氢键网络，而扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示三元PVA-CNF-CNC水凝胶呈现出致密的分级多孔结构，有效地包裹了益生菌，包封效率为92.56±0.53%。在模拟胃肠消化条件下，包封的益生菌保持了8.04 log CFU/g的活力，显著高于游离细菌（3.54 log CFU/mL）。该水凝胶还提高了耐热性（70℃时为6.58 log CFU/mL）和冻干存活率（86.92%的活力），优于二元体系。在4℃和25℃下储存60天期间，包封的益生菌保持了高于临界阈值（≥6 log CFU/单位）的活力，而游离细胞迅速下降。这些发现突出了PVA-CNF-CNC水凝胶作为一种有效递送系统在食品应用中提高益生菌稳定性的潜力。
