Wang Yihui, Wang Xiaoyue, Xi Liyan, Lu Sha
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 Jun 6;11(6):434. doi: 10.3390/jof11060434.
Talaromycosis (TM) is an invasive fungal infection caused by (). It has high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly among immunocompromised people. Globally, approximately 17,300 cases and 4900 deaths are reported annually. TM often has vague clinical signs with limited current tests, leading to misdiagnosis, incorrect treatments, or the long-term use of expensive antifungal drugs, which raises healthcare costs and patient risks. Although accurate diagnosis is key for starting the right antifungal therapy and improving outcomes, there are not enough reliable and fast tests. Recent progress with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have high specificity for antigens may boost diagnostic accuracy and cut misdiagnosis rates. This review explores current ways to diagnose TM, including culture, histopathology, and molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antigen detection. We also discuss the merits and weaknesses of each method and highlight how mAbs may help diagnose TM. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for English-language papers (1990-1 January 2025) using "Talaromycosis" OR "" plus diagnostic terms ('diagnosis', 'molecular diagnostics', 'monoclonal antibody', 'lateral flow', 'antigen detection', and 'fungal diagnosis'). After deduplication and relevance screening, studies with original data or substantive discussion on diagnostics or mAb development were retained to inform this narrative review.
足分支霉病（TM）是一种由（）引起的侵袭性真菌感染。其发病率和死亡率很高，在免疫功能低下人群中尤为如此。在全球范围内，每年报告约17300例病例和4900例死亡。TM的临床症状往往不明确，目前的检测手段有限，导致误诊、治疗不当或长期使用昂贵的抗真菌药物，这增加了医疗成本和患者风险。尽管准确诊断是开始正确抗真菌治疗并改善预后的关键，但可靠且快速的检测方法并不够。对抗原具有高特异性的单克隆抗体（mAb）的最新进展可能会提高诊断准确性并降低误诊率。本综述探讨了目前诊断TM的方法，包括培养、组织病理学以及分子方法，如聚合酶链反应（PCR）和抗原检测。我们还讨论了每种方法的优缺点，并强调了mAb在TM诊断中的作用。我们在PubMed、科学网和谷歌学术上搜索了1990年至2025年1月1日的英文论文，使用“足分支霉病”或“”加上诊断术语（“诊断”、“分子诊断”、“单克隆抗体”、“侧向流动”、“抗原检测”和“真菌诊断”）。经过重复数据删除和相关性筛选，保留了具有原始数据或对诊断或mAb开发进行实质性讨论的研究，以为本叙述性综述提供信息。
