Rocha Cláudia A, Félix Luís M, Monteiro Sandra M, Venâncio Carlos
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agroenvironmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB, Inov4Agro), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Vet Sci. 2025 Jun 11;12(6):571. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12060571.
Growing evidence of pain perception in fish has raised concerns about their welfare in different contexts, including research and aquaculture, where potentially painful procedures are standard. Despite ongoing efforts to advance fish analgesia, the field remains underdeveloped, particularly regarding less invasive methods that could improve welfare, such as immersion-based analgesia. As one of the most widely used models in research, zebrafish () are often at the front of these concerns. This review aimed to consolidate the current knowledge on immersion analgesics by analyzing the behavioral responses of zebrafish exposed to noxious stimuli. Some promising immersion analgesics were identified; however, further research is needed to assess their effects on additional parameters and investigate potential adverse effects. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate analgesics, as their effectiveness may vary depending on the duration and severity of the stimulus. Moreover, this review highlights the critical role of consistent water quality monitoring and detailed parameter reporting, as these factors may influence analgesic efficacy and compromise fish welfare. As research advances, applying these insights beyond zebrafish to other fish species will be crucial for promoting higher welfare standards.
越来越多的证据表明鱼类具有痛觉，这引发了人们对其在不同环境下福利状况的担忧，包括研究和水产养殖领域，在这些领域中，一些潜在的痛苦操作是标准流程。尽管一直在努力推进鱼类镇痛研究，但该领域仍不够发达，尤其是在那些能够改善鱼类福利的侵入性较小的方法方面，比如基于浸泡的镇痛方法。斑马鱼（）作为研究中使用最广泛的模型之一，常常处于这些担忧的前沿。本综述旨在通过分析暴露于有害刺激下的斑马鱼的行为反应，整合目前关于浸泡型镇痛药的知识。确定了一些有前景的浸泡型镇痛药；然而，需要进一步研究来评估它们对其他参数的影响，并调查潜在的不良反应。这些发现强调了选择合适镇痛药的重要性，因为其有效性可能因刺激的持续时间和严重程度而异。此外，本综述强调了持续水质监测和详细参数报告的关键作用，因为这些因素可能影响镇痛效果并损害鱼类福利。随着研究的推进，将这些见解从斑马鱼推广到其他鱼类物种对于提高福利标准至关重要。
