Mushonga Dawnsha, Fedina Lisa, Bessaha Melissa, Chen Zibei
School of Health & Human Services, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Jun 25. doi: 10.1007/s40615-025-02518-2.
Discrimination remains a prevalent concern in the United States, affecting roughly seven in 10 adults. Although studies have examined the prevalence of discrimination in the general population, most studies have primarily targeted one form, racial discrimination, and/or failed to exclusively focus on discrimination experiences during the transition to adulthood, a critical developmental period whereby young adults undergo numerous physical, cognitive, and social changes. Using a minority stress and intersectional lens, this study aims to: 1) assess significant differences in the prevalence of everyday discrimination and its multiple forms, 2) examine the relationship between multiple minority statuses and everyday discrimination, and 3) identify sociodemographic predictors of everyday discrimination in a nationally representative sample of emerging adults. Findings revealed that racial/ethnic minority (Black & Latinx) emerging adults experienced higher rates of discrimination, particularly Black emerging adults, in addition to those possessing multiple minority identity statuses. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that racial/ethnic minority status (e.g., Black and Latinx), older age, cisgender male identity, lower levels of education, income between $25,000 and $49,999, and residing in the Northeast and Western regions of the U.S. were significant predictors of perceived discrimination among emerging adults. Findings underscore the prevalence of perceived discrimination among those with at least one minority identity, which can further exacerbate existing challenges in emerging adulthood. There remains a need for systemic reforms to reduce discrimination across contexts (e.g., work and school settings) and the implementation of more supportive interventions to counter the negative effects of discrimination to promote healthy development in emerging adulthood.
歧视在美国仍然是一个普遍令人担忧的问题，大约十分之七的成年人受到影响。尽管已有研究调查了普通人群中歧视的普遍程度，但大多数研究主要针对一种形式，即种族歧视，和/或未能专门关注向成年过渡期间的歧视经历，而这是一个关键的发育阶段，在此期间年轻人会经历众多身体、认知和社会变化。本研究采用少数群体压力和交叉性视角，旨在：1）评估日常歧视及其多种形式的普遍程度的显著差异，2）研究多种少数群体身份与日常歧视之间的关系，以及3）在具有全国代表性的新兴成年人样本中确定日常歧视的社会人口学预测因素。研究结果显示，种族/族裔少数群体（黑人与拉丁裔）的新兴成年人，尤其是黑人新兴成年人，以及那些具有多种少数群体身份的人，经历歧视的比例更高。分层多元回归分析表明，种族/族裔少数群体身份（如黑人与拉丁裔）、年龄较大、顺性别男性身份、教育水平较低、收入在25,000美元至49,999美元之间以及居住在美国东北部和西部地区是新兴成年人中感知到歧视的显著预测因素。研究结果强调了至少具有一种少数群体身份的人感知到歧视的普遍性，这可能会进一步加剧新兴成年期现有的挑战。仍需要进行系统性改革以减少不同环境（如工作和学校环境）中的歧视，并实施更多支持性干预措施来应对歧视的负面影响，以促进新兴成年期的健康发展。
