Department of Sociology, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, 201 Science Dr., Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
Department of Sociology, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Drive, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2024 Aug;354:117070. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117070. Epub 2024 Jun 24.
Racial and gender differences in the effects of discrimination on health are well-established. The evidence has derived largely from studies of older adults, with less attention paid to younger adults. The current study takes an intersectional approach to address this gap. Using nationally representative, longitudinal data from the 2017 and 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transitioning to Adulthood Supplement (PSID-TAS), we assess the effects of everyday discrimination on psychological distress among Black and White young adults aged 18-28 (n = 3894). We examine cumulative discrimination and individual items of the cumulative measure based on the Everyday Discrimination Scale. The analysis reveals that perceived discrimination is positively associated with psychological distress for each race-gender group. However, the magnitude of the association varied by group and dimension of discrimination. Black men and women reported more frequent experiences of each type of discrimination than their White counterparts. The positive association between discrimination and distress, however, was lower for Black men and women relative to White men- suggesting that White men may be more sensitive to and/or less resilient against the effects of perceived discrimination. In contrast, associations for White women did not differ significantly from those of White men. Our findings demonstrate that the health-harming effects of discrimination on psychological distress begin early in the life course and suggest that resilience-based coping mechanisms found in older samples of Black adults may also exist for younger adults.
种族和性别差异对健康的影响在歧视问题上已经得到充分证实。这些证据主要来自对老年人的研究，而对年轻人的关注较少。本研究采用交叉方法来解决这一差距。利用来自 2017 年和 2019 年收入动态转型成年补充调查（PSID-TAS）的全国代表性纵向数据，我们评估了日常歧视对 18-28 岁的黑人和白人年轻成年人的心理困扰的影响（n=3894）。我们根据日常歧视量表，评估了累积歧视和累积测量的各个项目。分析表明，对于每个种族性别群体，感知到的歧视与心理困扰呈正相关。然而，这种关联的程度因群体和歧视维度而异。黑人男性和女性比他们的白人同龄人报告了更频繁的每种类型的歧视。然而，与白人男性相比，黑人男性和女性的歧视与困扰之间的正相关关系较低，这表明白人男性可能对感知到的歧视更敏感和/或更有弹性。相比之下，白人女性的关联与白人男性没有显著差异。我们的研究结果表明，歧视对心理困扰的健康危害效应在生命早期就开始了，并表明在老年黑人成年人样本中发现的基于韧性的应对机制可能也存在于年轻成年人中。
