Garcia Ma Janelle Chichoco, Hnit Su Su Thae, Shklovskaya Elena, Wang Yuling
School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2025 Jun 25;74(8):252. doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04109-w.
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are lipid-encapsulated nanoparticles released following the endocytic fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. sEVs are secreted by most eukaryotic cells, and they contain proteins, RNAs and DNA. They act primarily as mediators of intercellular communication through the transport of their contents from donor to recipient cells. Immune cells, including T cells, secrete sEVs following activation. T cell-derived sEVs (T-sEVs) have gained attention in cell-to-cell signalling and as promising immunotherapeutic agents. Growing evidence suggests that T-sEVs are key players in cancer immunotherapy responses. A better understanding of T-sEVs production and properties is key for grasping their biological functions. Extensive current literature on tumour-derived sEVs and their applications in diagnostics or therapeutics is in disconnect with fewer reports on T-sEVs. In this review, we discuss T-sEV biogenesis, their roles in cell-to-cell communication and potential applications in immunotherapy for cancer.
小细胞外囊泡（sEVs）是多泡体与质膜发生内吞融合后释放的脂质包裹纳米颗粒。大多数真核细胞都会分泌sEVs，其包含蛋白质、RNA和DNA。它们主要通过将内含物从供体细胞运输到受体细胞，充当细胞间通讯的介质。包括T细胞在内的免疫细胞在激活后会分泌sEVs。T细胞衍生的sEVs（T-sEVs）在细胞间信号传导以及作为有前景的免疫治疗剂方面受到关注。越来越多的证据表明，T-sEVs是癌症免疫治疗反应的关键参与者。更好地了解T-sEVs的产生和特性是掌握其生物学功能的关键。目前关于肿瘤衍生sEVs及其在诊断或治疗中的应用的大量文献与关于T-sEVs的较少报道脱节。在本综述中，我们讨论了T-sEVs的生物发生、它们在细胞间通讯中的作用以及在癌症免疫治疗中的潜在应用。
