Luz Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da, Barbosa Eder Alves, Sousa Rubiamara Mauricio de, Oliveira Maria Lúcia de Azevedo, Silva Dias Marcela Fabiani, Alves Ingrid Reale, de Souza Gisele Custódio, Ferreira Elenilze Figueiredo Batista, Guzmán-Pincheira Carla, Almeida Maria das Graças, Araujo-Silva Gabriel
Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Amapá State University (UEAP), Av. Presidente Vargas, s/n, -Centro, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil.
Department of Biological and Health Sciences-DCBS, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Rodovia Rod. Josmar Chaves Pinto, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 May 27;14(6):642. doi: 10.3390/antiox14060642.
The antioxidant capacity and modulation of oxidative stress by industrially processed açaí pulp extract from the Amazon (APEA) and its major anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (C3R), were evaluated as potential strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The APEA was chemically characterized using ultrafast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS), which revealed six main phenolic compounds. Notably, 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-9-oxononanoic acid, acanthoside B, roseoside, cinchonine, and nonanedioate were identified for the first time in açaí extracts. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated that APEA exhibited strong DPPH- and ABTS-radical-scavenging activities (up to 80% inhibition and 65 mmol TE/100g DW, respectively) and showed ferrous- and copper-ion-chelating activities comparable to those of EDTA-Na at higher concentrations (up to 95% inhibition). Hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities reached 80% inhibition, similar to that of ascorbic acid. In HO-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, APEA significantly reduced the intracellular ROS levels by 46.9%, comparable to the effect of N-acetylcysteine. APEA also attenuated menadione-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells, as shown by a significant reduction in CellROX fluorescence ( < 0.05). In vivo, APEA (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced CCl-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA levels), restored glutathione (GSH), and increased the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx, and SOD, demonstrating superior effects to C3G and C3R, especially after 21 days of treatment ( < 0.001). These findings suggest that Amazonian açaí pulp (APEA) retains potent antioxidant activity after industrial processing, with protective effects against oxidative damage in cardiomyocytes and hepatic tissue, highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient with cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties.
对来自亚马逊地区的工业加工阿萨伊果肉提取物（APEA）及其主要花青素矢车菊素3-葡萄糖苷（C3G）和矢车菊素-3-O-芸香糖苷（C3R）的抗氧化能力以及氧化应激调节作用进行了评估，将其作为预防心血管疾病的潜在策略。使用超快速液相色谱-质谱联用仪（UFLC-MS）对APEA进行化学表征，结果显示有六种主要酚类化合物。值得注意的是，9-(2,3-二羟基丙氧基)-9-氧代壬酸、刺五加苷B、玫瑰糖苷、辛可宁和壬二酸首次在阿萨伊提取物中被鉴定出来。体外抗氧化试验表明，APEA表现出很强的清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的活性（分别高达80%抑制率和65 mmol TE/100g DW），并且在较高浓度下（高达95%抑制率）表现出与EDTA-Na相当的亚铁离子和铜离子螯合活性。羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除活性达到80%抑制率，与抗坏血酸相似。在过氧化氢处理的H9c2心肌细胞中，APEA显著降低细胞内ROS水平46.9%，与N-乙酰半胱氨酸的效果相当。APEA还减轻了甲萘醌诱导的H9c2细胞氧化应激，表现为CellROX荧光显著降低（P<0.05）。在体内，APEA（100 mg/kg）显著降低四氯化碳诱导的肝脂质过氧化（MDA水平），恢复谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平，并增加抗氧化酶CAT（过氧化氢酶）、GPx（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）和SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）的活性，显示出比C3G和C3R更优越的效果，尤其是在治疗21天后（P<0.001）。这些发现表明，亚马逊阿萨伊果肉（APEA）在工业加工后仍保留强大的抗氧化活性，对心肌细胞和肝组织的氧化损伤具有保护作用，突出了其作为具有心脏保护和肝脏保护特性的功能性食品成分的潜力。
