Desideri Enrico, Castelli Serena, Ciriolo Maria Rosa
Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 May 30;14(6):662. doi: 10.3390/antiox14060662.
The term autophagy identifies several mechanisms that mediate the degradation of intracellular and extracellular components via the lysosomal pathway. Three main forms of autophagy exist, namely macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and endosomal microautophagy, which have distinct mechanisms but share lysosomes as the final destination of their cargo. A basal autophagic flux is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, being involved in the physiological turnover of proteins and organelles. Several stressors, including nutrient shortage and genotoxic and oxidative stress, increase the autophagic rate, which prevents the accumulation of damaged and potentially harmful cell components, thus preserving cell viability. In this context, several studies have highlighted the role of MAPKs, serine-threonine kinases activated by several stimuli, in linking oxidative stress and autophagy. Indeed, several oxidative stressors activate autophagy by converging on MAPKs, directly or indirectly. In this regard, the different transcription factors that bridge MAPKs and autophagic activation are here described. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the regulation of autophagy by MAPK, including the atypical ones, with a particular focus on the regulation of autophagy by oxidative stress.
自噬这一术语指的是几种通过溶酶体途径介导细胞内和细胞外成分降解的机制。自噬主要有三种形式，即巨自噬、伴侣介导的自噬和内体微自噬，它们机制不同，但都以溶酶体作为其货物的最终归宿。基础自噬通量对于维持细胞稳态至关重要，参与蛋白质和细胞器的生理性更新。包括营养缺乏、基因毒性和氧化应激在内的多种应激源会提高自噬速率，从而防止受损及潜在有害的细胞成分积累，进而维持细胞活力。在此背景下，多项研究强调了丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs，由多种刺激激活的丝氨酸 - 苏氨酸激酶）在连接氧化应激和自噬方面的作用。事实上，多种氧化应激源直接或间接通过作用于MAPKs来激活自噬。就此而言，本文描述了连接MAPKs和自噬激活的不同转录因子。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于MAPK对自噬调节的认识，包括非典型MAPK，特别关注氧化应激对自噬的调节。
