Martins-Green Manuela, Kim Jane, Aziz Klara
Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Jun 4;14(6):682. doi: 10.3390/antiox14060682.
Wound healing is a very complex process composed of several phases in which precise events occur, both temporally and specially. However, when these processes go awry, biofilm-forming bacteria become installed in the healing tissue, and the patient has comorbidities, so the wounds do not heal and become chronic. In this review, we describe the importance of high levels of oxidative stress (OS) and bacteria from the skin microbiome in the initiation and development of chronic wounds. The skin microbiome is diverse in humans, and its composition is dependent on the environment in the specific areas of the body. OS is critical for wound healing as it stimulates the immune system to destroy pathogens and secrete cytokines and growth factors that stimulate healing. When OS levels become high in the wound and the bacteria of the skin install themselves in the wound, chronicity ensues. However, neither OS nor the bacteria of the skin alone can initiate chronicity. However, when present together, chronic wounds develop. Given the complexity of chronic wound initiation, developing treatment for these wounds has been difficult. Here, we also discuss the challenges of treating chronic wounds and offer a potential sequence of approaches to treating these wounds after debridement.
伤口愈合是一个非常复杂的过程，由几个阶段组成，在这些阶段中，精确的事件会在时间和空间上发生。然而，当这些过程出现差错时，形成生物膜的细菌就会在愈合组织中定植，并且患者伴有合并症，这样伤口就无法愈合而变成慢性伤口。在这篇综述中，我们描述了高水平氧化应激（OS）和皮肤微生物群中的细菌在慢性伤口的起始和发展中的重要性。人类的皮肤微生物群是多样的，其组成取决于身体特定部位的环境。OS对伤口愈合至关重要，因为它刺激免疫系统破坏病原体，并分泌刺激愈合的细胞因子和生长因子。当伤口中的OS水平升高且皮肤细菌在伤口中定植时，就会导致慢性化。然而，单独的OS或皮肤细菌都不能引发慢性化。但是，当它们同时存在时，慢性伤口就会形成。鉴于慢性伤口起始的复杂性，开发针对这些伤口的治疗方法一直很困难。在这里，我们还讨论了治疗慢性伤口的挑战，并提供了清创后治疗这些伤口的潜在方法顺序。
