Chen Minyou, Li Wenjing, Lei Le, Zhang Lingli
College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
Biomolecules. 2025 Jun 11;15(6):856. doi: 10.3390/biom15060856.
Sclerostin (SOST) is a specific osteocyte protein. During the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the high expression of SOST can inhibit bone formation and contribute to osteoporosis and the bone metastasis of malignant tumors. Most of the research on SOST has focused on bone cells, but studies have found that SOST is not a specific product of bone cells but that it is also expressed by articular chondrocytes. SOST can regulate the progression of osteoarthritis in bone and cartilage, promote subchondral bone sclerosis, and inhibit cartilage degeneration. A review of the literature found that SOST can not only regulate bone metabolism, but it is also expressed in cardiovascular, kidney, liver, and other tissues, influencing the occurrence and development of diseases in these organs and tissues. Studies have found that diseases of extra-bone organs, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, chronic kidney disease, and cirrhosis, may be related to the expression of SOST. Simultaneously, long-term exercise can reduce SOST levels, especially in areas of high bone strain. Prolonged exercise induces bone adaptation to mechanical stress, resulting in diminished responsiveness of bone cells to exercise and a reduction in serum SOST levels. Short-term acute exercise can elevate serum SOST levels, but these results are often limited by age, gender, and energy status. In general, serum SOST rises immediately after short-term acute exercise, returning to baseline or even decreasing after exercise.
硬化蛋白（SOST）是一种特定的骨细胞蛋白。在成骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化与增殖过程中，SOST的高表达会抑制骨形成，并导致骨质疏松和恶性肿瘤的骨转移。关于SOST的大多数研究都集中在骨细胞上，但研究发现SOST并非骨细胞的特异性产物，关节软骨细胞也可表达SOST。SOST能够调节骨与软骨中骨关节炎的进展，促进软骨下骨硬化，并抑制软骨退变。文献综述发现，SOST不仅能调节骨代谢，还在心血管、肾脏、肝脏等组织中表达，影响这些器官和组织疾病的发生与发展。研究发现，骨外器官的疾病，如动脉粥样硬化、动脉瘤、慢性肾病和肝硬化，可能与SOST的表达有关。同时，长期运动可降低SOST水平，尤其是在骨应变较高的部位。长时间运动可诱导骨骼适应机械应力，导致骨细胞对运动的反应性降低以及血清SOST水平下降。短期急性运动可使血清SOST水平升高，但这些结果常受年龄、性别和能量状态的限制。一般来说，短期急性运动后血清SOST会立即升高，运动后会恢复至基线水平甚至降低。
