An Ran, Libertus Klaus
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Children (Basel). 2025 May 31;12(6):724. doi: 10.3390/children12060724.
Infant motor development has traditionally been studied through child-centered frameworks that often overlook the vital role parents play in shaping early outcomes. This paper provides a renewed ecological approach, foregrounding parental perspectives-knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, theories, and expectations-and examining how they directly and indirectly guide infants' motor trajectories. Drawing on cross-cultural evidence, we illustrate how differences in parental priorities and caregiving behaviors can either accelerate or delay the emergence of crucial motor skills. We also highlight the reciprocal relationship between parent and child: while parental views shape caregiving practices, children's developing abilities and behaviors can, in turn, alter their parents' perspectives. Building on existing theories, including Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and dynamic systems theory, our integrated model situates the parent-child dyad within broader socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental contexts. This model shows the dynamic, ever-evolving interplay between parents and children and demonstrates the importance of aligning parental cognition with targeted interventions to optimize motor development. By examining how cultural norms, individual experiences, and contextual factors converge, this paper offers both a theoretical framework and practical implications for supporting infants' growth. This paper will inform future research by encouraging parent-focused developmental studies and guiding practitioners to design culturally informed interventions in the field of motor development.
传统上，婴儿运动发展是通过以儿童为中心的框架进行研究的，这些框架往往忽视了父母在塑造早期结果中所起的关键作用。本文提供了一种新的生态方法，突出父母的观点——知识、信念、态度、理论和期望——并研究它们如何直接和间接地引导婴儿的运动轨迹。借鉴跨文化证据，我们说明了父母优先事项和养育行为的差异如何加速或延迟关键运动技能的出现。我们还强调了亲子之间的相互关系：虽然父母的观点塑造了养育方式，但孩子不断发展的能力和行为反过来也会改变他们父母的观点。在包括布朗芬布伦纳的生态系统理论和动态系统理论在内的现有理论基础上，我们的综合模型将亲子二元组置于更广泛的社会经济、文化和环境背景中。该模型展示了父母与孩子之间动态的、不断演变的相互作用，并证明了使父母认知与有针对性的干预措施保持一致以优化运动发展的重要性。通过研究文化规范、个人经历和背景因素如何相互作用，本文为支持婴儿成长提供了一个理论框架和实际意义。本文将通过鼓励以父母为重点的发展研究，并指导从业者在运动发展领域设计具有文化针对性的干预措施，为未来的研究提供参考。
