Mello Flávia V, Pereira Cheila, Özkan Busenur, Maulvault Ana Luísa, Soares Florbela, Pousão-Ferreira Pedro, Fernandes José O, Cunha Sara C, Marques António, Anacleto Patrícia
MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET, Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (FCUL), Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hidrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 13;26(12):5676. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125676.
The replacement of ingredients from animal sources with plant-based ingredients is increasing the risk of contamination by mycotoxins in aquafeeds, potentially causing detrimental effects on fish welfare. However, limited research has been carried out so far on the impact of mycotoxins on fish health. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the toxicological effects of the dietary emerging (enniatin B, ENNB) and regulated (fumonisin B1, FB1) mycotoxins (150 µg/kg) in different tissues of juvenile gilthead seabream () after 28 days of dietary exposure. Fitness indexes, plasma metabolites, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, metabolism, cellular, and neurotoxic damage were assessed. The exposure to each mycotoxin was sufficient to cause distinct effects in fish tissues. ENNB appears to be the most harmful mycotoxin to , inducing changes on alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities in plasma, as well as protein and lipid degradation in liver. Increased lipid degradation was also induced in the brain by FB1 alone or combined with ENNB, whereas the exposure to the mixture inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity. Overall, this study contributes by highlighting the toxicological attributes of ENNB, thus reinforcing the need to include this mycotoxin in future legislation.
用植物性成分替代动物性成分正在增加水产饲料中被霉菌毒素污染的风险，这可能会对鱼类健康产生不利影响。然而，迄今为止，关于霉菌毒素对鱼类健康影响的研究还很有限。因此，本研究的目的是评估在饲料中添加新兴的（恩镰孢菌素B，ENNB）和受监管的（伏马菌素B1，FB1）霉菌毒素（150微克/千克），经28天投喂后，对幼龄金头鲷不同组织的毒理学影响。评估了健康指数、血浆代谢物以及氧化应激、代谢、细胞和神经毒性损伤的生物标志物。接触每种霉菌毒素都足以在鱼类组织中产生明显影响。ENNB似乎是对金头鲷最有害的霉菌毒素，它会导致血浆中碱性磷酸酶和脂肪酶活性发生变化，以及肝脏中蛋白质和脂质降解。单独的FB1或与ENNB联合使用都会导致大脑中脂质降解增加，而接触混合物会抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。总体而言，本研究通过突出ENNB的毒理学特性做出了贡献，从而强化了在未来立法中纳入这种霉菌毒素的必要性。
