Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Dec;158:112661. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112661. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
The world requests for raw materials used in animal feed has been steadily rising in the last years driven by higher demands for livestock production. Mycotoxins are frequent toxic metabolites present in these raw materials. The exposure of farm animals to mycotoxins could result in undesirable residues in animal-derived food products. Thus, the potential ingestion of edible animal products (milk, meat and fish) contaminated with mycotoxins constitutes a public health concern, since they enter the food chain and may cause adverse effects upon human health. The present review summarizes the state-of-the-art on the occurrence of mycotoxins in feed, their metabolism and carry-over into animal source foodstuffs, focusing particularly on the last decade. Maximum levels (MLs) for various mycotoxins have been established for a number of raw feed materials and animal food products. Such values are sometimes exceeded, however. Aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes (TCs) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins in animal feed, with aflatoxin M (AFM1) predominating in milk and dairy products, and OTA in meat by-products. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed raw materials tends to be the rule rather than the exception, and the carry-over of mycotoxins from feed to animal source foods is more than proven.
近年来,由于对畜牧业生产的需求不断增加,用于动物饲料的原材料在全球范围内的需求稳步上升。霉菌毒素是这些原材料中常见的有毒代谢物。动物接触霉菌毒素可能导致动物源性食品中出现不良残留。因此,食用受霉菌毒素污染的动物源性食品(牛奶、肉类和鱼类)的潜在风险引起了公众健康关注,因为它们进入食物链,并可能对人类健康造成不良影响。本综述总结了饲料中霉菌毒素的发生情况、它们在动物源食品中的代谢和转移,特别关注了过去十年的情况。许多原料饲料和动物食品都为各种霉菌毒素制定了最大限量(ML)。然而,这些值有时会被超过。黄曲霉毒素(AFs)、伏马菌素(FBs)、赭曲霉毒素 A(OTA)、单端孢霉烯族化合物(TCs)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)是动物饲料中最常见的霉菌毒素,其中黄曲霉 M1(AFM1)在牛奶和乳制品中占主导地位,OTA 在肉类副产品中占主导地位。饲料原料中霉菌毒素的共同存在往往是普遍现象,而霉菌毒素从饲料向动物源食品的转移也得到了充分证实。