Kutllovci Hasani Kaltrina, Cervar-Zivkovic Mila, Hiden Ursula, Saloň Adam, Nanda Manurishi, Steuber Bianca, Eberhard Katharina, De Boever Patrick, Stern Christina, Mayer-Pickel Karoline, Goswami Nandu
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria.
Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 16;26(12):5781. doi: 10.3390/ijms26125781.
Cardiovascular adaptation is vital for a healthy pregnancy but may be impaired in women at high risk for preeclampsia (PE), a condition marked by endothelial dysfunction. Smoking may lower the PE risk but harms vessels, and the effects of early cessation remain unclear. This prospective cohort study assessed vascular changes in high-risk pregnancies and the potential influence of early smoking cessation. Of 110 women screened for PE in the first trimester, 43 were classified as high-risk: 18 former smokers and 25 lifelong non-smokers. Vascular assessments were performed at 11-16, 24-28, and 34-37 weeks of gestation. Parameters included the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and retinal vessel calibers (central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents (CRAE, CRVE)). Serum cotinine confirmed abstinence in former smokers. Across gestation, ADMA ( = 0.034), MAP ( = 0.001), SBP ( = 0.033), DBP ( = 0.004), and HR ( = 0.004) increased, while CRAE ( = 0.016) and CRVE ( = 0.004) narrowed in late pregnancy; cfPWV remained stable ( = 0.783). Non-smokers showed increases in their ADMA ( = 0.020), MAP ( = 0.001), and DBP ( = 0.0001) with no differences between groups. High-risk pregnancies showed vascular changes with similar profiles in former and non-smokers, underscoring the need for broader studies.
心血管适应对于健康妊娠至关重要，但子痫前期（PE）高危女性的这种适应可能受损，子痫前期是一种以内皮功能障碍为特征的疾病。吸烟可能降低子痫前期风险，但会损害血管，早期戒烟的影响尚不清楚。这项前瞻性队列研究评估了高危妊娠中的血管变化以及早期戒烟的潜在影响。在孕早期筛查子痫前期的110名女性中，43名被归类为高危：18名既往吸烟者和25名终生不吸烟者。在妊娠11 - 16周、24 - 28周和34 - 37周进行血管评估。参数包括颈股脉搏波速度（cfPWV）、不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）、平均动脉压（MAP）、收缩压和舒张压（SBP、DBP）、心率（HR）以及视网膜血管口径（视网膜中央小动脉和小静脉等效值（CRAE、CRVE））。血清可替宁证实既往吸烟者已戒烟。在整个妊娠期，ADMA（P = 0.034）、MAP（P = 0.001）、SBP（P = 0.033）、DBP（P = 0.004）和HR（P = 0.004）升高，而CRAE（P = 0.016）和CRVE（P = 0.004）在妊娠晚期变窄；cfPWV保持稳定（P = 0.783）。不吸烟者的ADMA（P = 0.020）、MAP（P = 0.001）和DBP（P = 0.0001）升高，两组之间无差异。高危妊娠在既往吸烟者和不吸烟者中显示出相似的血管变化特征，强调需要进行更广泛的研究。
