Milanović Katarina, Stojanović Nikola, Miletić Vladimir, Rajković Željko, Stojanović Darko, Ilić Vladimir, Filipović Milica, Durlević Slavka, Orlić Ana, Ilić Igor
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jun 17;10(2):229. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10020229.
This single-arm, pre-post intervention study with a three-month follow-up aimed to determine whether a ten-day outdoor camp combining mixed-modality physical activity and time-restricted feeding elicits positive changes in multiple body-composition outcome measures and whether those changes persist at three-month follow-up. Forty healthy undergraduates (18 male, 22 female) participated in a 10-day outdoor camp that combined multi-modal physical activities (rock climbing and bouldering, swimming, hiking, applied paddling, survival skills, etc.) with a 13 h daily time-restricted feeding window. Body fat percentage, skeletal muscle percentage, body mass, total body-water percentage, visceral fat level, and skeletal muscle index were measured using the InBody 270 at baseline, immediately post-camp, and at the three-month follow-up. Mixed-effects models with random intercepts for subject revealed significant reductions in body fat percentage ( = -1.63, < 0.001) and visceral fat level ( = -0.72, = 0.001), alongside increases in skeletal muscle percentage ( = 1.02, < 0.001), skeletal muscle index ( = 0.30, < 0.001), and total body-water percentage ( = 1.19, < 0.001) from baseline to post-camp; no outcomes differed between baseline and follow-up and no time × sex interactions were observed. These findings indicate that a brief, intensive nature-based intervention can drive rapid, multidimensional improvements in body composition, but structured maintenance is required to sustain benefits.
这项单臂干预前后研究，随访期为三个月，旨在确定一项为期十天的户外营地活动（结合多种形式的体育活动和限时进食）是否能使多项身体成分指标产生积极变化，以及这些变化在三个月随访期是否持续存在。40名健康本科生（18名男性，22名女性）参加了为期10天的户外营地活动，该活动将多模式体育活动（攀岩、抱石、游泳、徒步、应用划船、生存技能等）与每天13小时的限时进食窗口相结合。在基线、营地活动结束后即刻以及三个月随访时，使用InBody 270测量体脂百分比、骨骼肌百分比、体重、全身水分百分比、内脏脂肪水平和骨骼肌指数。带有随机截距的混合效应模型显示，从基线到营地活动结束后，体脂百分比显著降低（β = -1.63，P < 0.001），内脏脂肪水平降低（β = -0.72，P = 0.001），同时骨骼肌百分比增加（β = 1.02，P < 0.001）、骨骼肌指数增加（β = 0.30，P < 0.001）、全身水分百分比增加（β = 1.19，P < 0.001）；基线和随访之间的结果无差异，且未观察到时间×性别交互作用。这些结果表明，短期、高强度的自然环境干预可促使身体成分快速、多维度改善，但需要有结构化的维持措施来保持这些益处。
