Yin Zixuan, Huang Xiaofeng, He Lingyan, Cao Suzhen, Zhang Junfeng Jim
Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
J Thorac Dis. 2020 Oct;12(10):6396-6410. doi: 10.21037/jtd-19-crh-aq-004.
An in-depth analysis of the specific evolution of air pollution in a given city can provide a better understanding of the chronic effects of air pollution on human health. In this study, we reported trends in ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants [sulfur dioxide (SO), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and ozone (O)] from 1995 to 2017 and PM composition for the period of 2000-2017 in Guangzhou, Wuhan, Chongqing, and Lanzhou. We provided socio-economic indicators to help explain the pollution trends. SO and PM (including PM and PM) concentrations showed a downward trend in recent years with the most notable reduction in SO in Chongqing and PM in Guangzhou. There was an overall flat trend for NO, while O showed an upward trend in recent years except in Lanzhou. The majority of PM mass was SO (6.0-30 µg/m) and organic carbon (6.0-38 µg/m), followed by NO (2.0-12 µg/m), elemental carbon (2.1-12 µg/m), NH (1.0-10 µg/m), K (0.2-2.0 µg/m), and Cl (0.2-1.9 µg/m). Except for secondary inorganic aerosols in Wuhan, annual average concentrations of all PM constituents showed a declining trend after 2013, corresponding to the trend of PM. The secondary sources in PM were found to be most prominent in Wuhan, while the most abundant EC and Cl in Lanzhou was attributed to the use of coal. Despite temporal and spatial variabilities across the four cities, coal combustion, traffic emissions, and secondary pollution have been the major sources of PM pollution. These trends in ambient air pollution levels and PM composition may help understand changes in health outcomes measured at different times within the time period of 1995-2017 in the four cities.
深入分析特定城市空气污染的具体演变情况，有助于更好地理解空气污染对人类健康的慢性影响。在本研究中，我们报告了1995年至2017年期间广州、武汉、重庆和兰州的颗粒物（PM）和气态污染物[二氧化硫（SO）、二氧化氮（NO）和臭氧（O）]的环境浓度趋势，以及2000年至2017年期间的PM成分。我们提供了社会经济指标以帮助解释污染趋势。近年来，SO和PM（包括PM和PM）浓度呈下降趋势，其中重庆的SO和广州的PM下降最为显著。NO总体呈平稳趋势，而O近年来呈上升趋势，但兰州除外。PM质量的大部分是SO（6.0 - 30 µg/m）和有机碳（6.0 - 38 µg/m），其次是NO（2.0 - 12 µg/m）、元素碳（2.1 - 12 µg/m）、NH（1.0 - 10 µg/m）、K（0.2 - 2.0 µg/m）和Cl（0.2 - 1.9 µg/m）。除武汉的二次无机气溶胶外，2013年后所有PM成分的年均浓度均呈下降趋势，与PM趋势一致。发现PM中的二次源在武汉最为突出，而兰州最丰富的EC和Cl归因于煤炭使用。尽管四个城市存在时空差异，但煤炭燃烧、交通排放和二次污染一直是PM污染的主要来源。这些环境空气污染水平和PM成分的趋势可能有助于理解1995 - 2017年期间四个城市不同时间测量的健康结果变化。
