Characterization, antibacterial properties, and application of gelatin films reinforced with smectite and illite clays for cherry fruit preservation.

This study investigates the development of biodegradable composite films (F) based on gelatin (G), reinforced with smectite (Sm) and illite (IL) clays as fillers within the biopolymer matrix. A comprehensive set of characterization techniques was employed to evaluate the structural, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of the films. Mechanical testing revealed that incorporating 5 % clay significantly enhanced TS while reducing EAB compared to the control. Notably, the gelatin-illite film (GF-IL5%) exhibited superior mechanical stability and lower deformability compared to the gelatin-smectite counterpart (GF-Sm5%). Contact angle measurements indicated increased surface hydrophobicity, consistent with reduced WVP, suggesting improved barrier functionality. Additionally, the films showed enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Biodegradability tests and preservation trials on cherry fruits demonstrated that GF-Sm5% and GF-IL5% films contribute to prolong fruit freshness and microbial stability. These findings highlight the potential of Sm- and IL-reinforced gelatin films as high-performance materials for food preservation applications.