Rozanova I V, Vodiasova E A
Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia The Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre of RAS, Nikita, Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia.
The Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Centre of RAS, Nikita, Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2025 Jun;29(3):358-369. doi: 10.18699/vjgb-25-39.
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is one of the main agricultural stone fruit crops of the family Rosaceae. Modern breeding is aimed at improving the quality of the fruit, extending the period of its production, increasing its resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions and reducing the total cost of production of cultivated varieties. However, peach breeding is an extremely long process: it takes 10-15 years from hybridization of the parental forms to obtaining fruit-bearing trees. Research into peach varieties as donors of desirable traits began in the 1980s. The first version of the peach genome was presented in 2013, and its appearance contributed to the identification and localization of loci, followed by the identification of candidate genes that control the desired trait. The development of NGS has accelerated the development of methods based on the use of diagnostic DNA markers. Approaches that allow accelerating classical breeding processes include marker-oriented selection (MOS) and genomic selection. In order to develop DNA markers associated with the traits under investigation, it is necessary to carry out preliminary mapping of loci controlling economically desirable traits and to develop linkage maps. SNP-chip approaches and genotyping by sequencing (GBS) methods are being developed. In recent years, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) has been actively used to identify genomic loci associated with economically important traits, which requires screening of large samples of varieties for hundreds and thousands of SNPs. Study on the pangenome has shown the need to analyze a larger number of samples, since there is still not enough data to identify polymorphic regions of the genome. The aim of this review was to systematize and summarize the major advances in peach genomic research over the last 40 years: linkage and physical map construction, development of different molecular markers, full genome sequencing for peach, and existing methods for genome-wide association studies with high-density SNP markers. This review provides a theoretical basis for future GWAS analysis in order to identify high-performance markers of economically valuable traits for peach and to develop genomic selection of this crop.
桃（Prunus persica (L.) Batsch）是蔷薇科主要的农业核果类作物之一。现代育种旨在提高果实品质、延长生产周期、增强其对不利环境条件的抗性并降低栽培品种的生产成本。然而，桃树育种是一个极其漫长的过程：从亲本杂交到获得结果树需要10至15年。对作为优良性状供体的桃品种的研究始于20世纪80年代。2013年公布了首个桃基因组版本，其出现有助于基因座的鉴定和定位，随后鉴定出控制所需性状的候选基因。新一代测序（NGS）的发展加速了基于诊断性DNA标记使用方法的开发。能够加速传统育种过程的方法包括标记导向选择（MOS）和基因组选择。为了开发与所研究性状相关的DNA标记，有必要对控制经济上所需性状的基因座进行初步定位并构建连锁图谱。目前正在开发单核苷酸多态性芯片（SNP-chip）方法和测序基因分型（GBS）方法。近年来，全基因组关联分析（GWAS）已被积极用于鉴定与经济上重要性状相关的基因组位点，这需要对成百上千个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的大量品种样本进行筛选。泛基因组研究表明需要分析更多样本，因为目前仍没有足够数据来鉴定基因组的多态性区域。本综述的目的是系统整理和总结过去40年桃基因组研究的主要进展：连锁图谱和物理图谱构建、不同分子标记的开发、桃的全基因组测序以及现有的高密度SNP标记全基因组关联研究方法。本综述为未来的GWAS分析提供了理论基础，以便鉴定桃经济价值性状的高效标记并开展该作物的基因组选择。
