Nie Pengfei, Feng Tong
Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong, China.
Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si, Republic of Korea.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 11;13:1615033. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1615033. eCollection 2025.
Physical activity is recognized as an effective strategy for preventing myopia and cardiovascular diseases in children and adolescents; however, its impact on ocular biological parameters in this population remains poorly understood. This study systematically evaluates the effects of physical activity on ocular parameters in children and adolescents, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for myopia and cardiovascular disease prevention.
The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD4202454649). A comprehensive search of electronic databases-Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed-was conducted from their inception through April 2025. Two reviewers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessments using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro and NOS scales, and outcomes were analyzed via network meta-analysis in RevMan 5.3.
Fourteen studies [8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 cross-sectional studies, 2 non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs), and 1 cohort study] involving 12,548 participants aged 6-26 years were included. Meta-analysis revealed that physical activity significantly improved KVA (MD = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.18-0.29, < 0.001), enhanced UDVA (MD = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.08-0.32, < 0.001), delayed axial length (AL) progression (MD = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.08-0.32, < 0.001), suppressed spherical equivalent refraction (SER) progression (MD = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.08-0.32, p < 0.001), reduced central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) (MD = -2.50, 95% CI = -4.86 to -0.13, = 0.04), and narrowed central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) (MD = -2.50, 95% CI = -4.86 to -0.13, p = 0.04). Physical activity demonstrably enhances dynamic and uncorrected distance vision, attenuates SER progression, and positively influences retinal vascular parameters.
Regular physical activity effectively slows myopia development and progression in children and adolescents while contributing to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
体育活动被认为是预防儿童和青少年近视及心血管疾病的有效策略；然而，其对该人群眼部生物学参数的影响仍知之甚少。本研究系统评估体育活动对儿童和青少年眼部参数的影响，旨在为预防近视和心血管疾病提供理论基础。
本研究已在PROSPERO（CRD4202454649）注册。对电子数据库——科学网、Embase、考克兰图书馆和PubMed——从其创建至2025年4月进行了全面检索。两名评审员使用预定义的纳入/排除标准独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和偏倚风险评估。使用PEDro和NOS量表评估方法学质量，并通过RevMan 5.3中的网络荟萃分析对结果进行分析。
纳入了14项研究[8项随机对照试验（RCT）、3项横断面研究、2项非随机对照试验（NRCT）和1项队列研究]，涉及12548名6 - 26岁的参与者。荟萃分析显示，体育活动显著改善了角膜顶点视力（MD = 0.23，95%CI = 0.18 - 0.29，<0.001），提高了最佳矫正视力（MD = 0.2，95%CI = 0.08 - 0.32，<0.001），延缓了眼轴长度（AL）进展（MD = 0.2，95%CI = 0.08 - 0.32，<0.001），抑制了等效球镜度（SER）进展（MD = 0.2，95%CI = 0.08 - 0.32，p<0.001），降低了视网膜中央静脉等效直径（CRVE）（MD = -2.50，95%CI = -4.86至 -0.13， = 0.04），并缩小了视网膜中央动脉等效直径（CRAE）（MD = -2.50，95%CI = -4.86至 -0.13，p = 0.04）。体育活动明显增强了动态和未矫正的远视力，减缓了SER进展，并对视网膜血管参数产生积极影响。
定期体育活动可有效减缓儿童和青少年近视的发展和进展，同时有助于预防心血管疾病。
