Tirzepatide gains US Food and Drug Administration approval for the management of obstructive sleep apnea: Implications for oral health care providers.

BACKGROUND

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition characterized by repeated airway collapse during sleep, leading to breathing interruptions. OSA increases the risk of developing hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory complications, reducing overall health and quality of life. The authors aimed to provide oral health care providers with an update on the US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication tirzepatide (Zepbound; Lilly) and its implications for multidisciplinary OSA management and oral health care-related services.

TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED

A comprehensive MEDLINE search was conducted, and original research articles and systematic reviews related to OSA and tirzepatide were reviewed.

RESULTS

A multidisciplinary approach involving lifestyle modifications, pharmaceutical interventions, oral appliance therapy, and surgical options tailored to patient-specific needs is required for effective management of OSA. In 2024, the US Food and Drug Administration approved tirzepatide for managing obesity in adults with OSA. By means of promoting weight loss, tirzepatide has been found to reduce breathing interruptions and enhance sleep quality. Although dental care providers do not prescribe tirzepatide, they play a critical role in early identification and referral of patients at risk of experiencing OSA through clinical screening. They recognize craniofacial features associated with airway obstruction, provide oral appliance therapy, and collaborate closely with health care providers.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Tirzepatide offers a novel approach to managing OSA by means of targeting metabolic and inflammatory factors that contribute to this condition. It has the potential to affect oral health, including the management of periodontal disease, dental implant procedures, and orthodontic interventions. Dental care providers should consider patient-centered needs and the interrelationship between systemic health and oral health.