Yang Luhuan, Lei Yunhong, Zhang Rong, Mukhtar Firdaus, Lim Poh Ying, Jiang Jiawei, Li Zifeng, Zhang Yilan, Anita Abd Rahman
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
Yichang Hubo Medical Research Institute, Yichang City, Hubei Province 443003, China.
Am J Emerg Med. 2025 Jun 21;96:140-150. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2025.06.039.
Burnout among Emergency Department (ED) healthcare workers arises from their high-stress environment, characterized by acute patient conditions, unpredictable workflows, and emotional and physical demands. While burnout has been extensively studied in healthcare, the specific antecedents and outcomes unique to ED settings remain insufficiently explored. This review aimed to map the common factors contributing to burnout and its impacts among ED healthcare workers.
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO was conducted for studies published from inception up to October 2024. Peer-reviewed original articles were included if they were written in English, and focused on workplace factors/burnout outcomes among ED healthcare workers. Data were analyzed using the Job Demands-Resources model to identify recurring themes in job demands, resources, and outcomes.
Out of 3228 articles retrieved, 47 studies were included. Most studies employed quantitative methods (85.1 %) and were published between 2021 and 2024, focusing on ED physicians, nurses, or both. Burnout prevalence varied from 10.5 % to 70 %, with different definitions or measurement tools used across studies. Key antecedents included workplace violence, high workload, and work-life conflict, which were particularly prominent in ED settings due to their unpredictable and high-pressure nature. These demands were further intensified by insufficient job resources, especially a lack of tailored social and organizational support, which was frequently linked to burnout among ED healthcare workers. Burnout was associated with adverse health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, and work-related issues, with increased turnover intentions emerging as a notably significant consequence.
This review identified key antecedents of burnout and its adverse health and work-related outcomes. However, most findings are based on cross-sectional and qualitative studies, limiting causal interpretations. The underlying mechanisms driving these relationships remain underexplored, highlighting the need for robust longitudinal research. Future studies should employ diverse methodologies to develop evidence-based interventions aimed at mitigating burnout, enhancing workforce well-being, and improving the quality of healthcare delivery.
急诊科医护人员的职业倦怠源于其高压力环境，其特点是患者病情危急、工作流程不可预测以及情感和身体需求高。虽然职业倦怠在医疗保健领域已得到广泛研究，但急诊科环境特有的具体前因和后果仍未得到充分探索。本综述旨在梳理导致急诊科医护人员职业倦怠及其影响的常见因素。
对PubMed、Scopus、CINAHL、Web of Science和PsycINFO进行系统检索，以查找从创刊至2024年10月发表的研究。如果同行评审的原创文章为英文撰写，且关注急诊科医护人员的工作场所因素/职业倦怠结果，则将其纳入。使用工作要求-资源模型对数据进行分析，以确定工作要求、资源和结果中反复出现的主题。
在检索到的3228篇文章中，纳入了47项研究。大多数研究采用定量方法（85.1%），发表于2021年至2024年之间，关注急诊科医生、护士或两者。职业倦怠患病率从10.5%到70%不等，各研究使用了不同的定义或测量工具。关键前因包括工作场所暴力、高工作量和工作与生活的冲突，由于急诊科环境不可预测且压力大，这些因素在急诊科尤为突出。工作资源不足进一步加剧了这些需求，尤其是缺乏量身定制的社会和组织支持，这常常与急诊科医护人员的职业倦怠相关。职业倦怠与不良健康结果相关，包括抑郁、焦虑和睡眠障碍，以及与工作相关的问题，离职意愿增加是一个特别显著的后果。
本综述确定了职业倦怠的关键前因及其对健康和工作相关的不良后果。然而，大多数研究结果基于横断面和定性研究，限制了因果解释。驱动这些关系的潜在机制仍未得到充分探索，凸显了进行有力纵向研究的必要性。未来的研究应采用多种方法，制定基于证据的干预措施，以减轻职业倦怠、提高员工幸福感并改善医疗服务质量。
