Rigueira Luciana Lana, de Sant'Ana Fabiano José Ferreira, Dallago Bruno Stéfano Lima, de Faria Rômulo Salignac Araújo, Rodrigues Maurício Macedo, Obregon-Gutierrez Pau, Aragon Virginia, Perecmanis Simone
School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Brasília University (UnB), Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil.
School of Veterinary Sciences, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia 71966-700, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jun 11;13(6):1354. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13061354.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern influenced by antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production systems. In swine, metaphylactic treatments may contribute to the emergence and dissemination of resistance genes. In this study, we isolated bacteria from the nasal cavities of 50 sows across 10 farms in the Federal District, Brazil. A total of 132 bacterial isolates were obtained and tested for phenotypic resistance to 23 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method. Resistance was detected against all tested antimicrobials, with an overall resistance rate of 55.6% (1605/2888 tests). The highest resistance rates were observed for bacitracin (92.4%) and penicillin (79.2%), while lower resistance rates were found for aminoglycosides. Most isolates exhibited multidrug resistance to 7-9 classes of antimicrobials, including strains of , , and -all of which are relevant in the context of One Health. showed the highest resistance levels among all identified species. AMR was positively correlated with both the duration and the number of antimicrobial agents used in feed, reinforcing the need for prudent AMU practices. The use of autogenous vaccines against was associated with reduced lung lesions, underscoring the value of vaccination in disease control. AMR surveillance programs may benefit from including bacterial colonizers from the microbiota, though further studies are necessary to better understand the resistance dynamics of these commensals.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个重大的公共卫生问题，受动物生产系统中抗菌药物使用（AMU）的影响。在猪中，群体预防性治疗可能有助于耐药基因的出现和传播。在本研究中，我们从巴西联邦区10个农场的50头母猪鼻腔中分离细菌。共获得132株细菌分离株，并使用纸片扩散法检测其对23种抗菌药物的表型耐药性。在所有测试的抗菌药物中均检测到耐药性，总体耐药率为55.6%（1605/2888次测试）。杆菌肽（92.4%）和青霉素（79.2%）的耐药率最高，而氨基糖苷类的耐药率较低。大多数分离株对7 - 9类抗菌药物表现出多重耐药性，包括、和的菌株——所有这些在“同一健康”背景下都具有相关性。在所有鉴定出的物种中，表现出最高的耐药水平。AMR与饲料中使用的抗菌药物的持续时间和数量均呈正相关，这进一步强调了谨慎使用抗菌药物的必要性。使用针对的自体疫苗与肺部病变减少有关，突出了疫苗接种在疾病控制中的价值。AMR监测计划可能受益于纳入微生物群中的细菌定殖菌，不过需要进一步研究以更好地了解这些共生菌的耐药动态。
