Zięba Marlena, Jaskuła Marta, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska Sabina
Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Kalisz, Wojciecha Bogusławskiego Square 2, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 13;17(12):1994. doi: 10.3390/nu17121994.
Despite the growing awareness of nutrition and the popularity of healthy lifestyles among adolescents, disordered eating behaviors-such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED), and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)-remain significant public health concerns. ARFID, officially recognized only in 2013, is still poorly understood among youth. This study aimed to assess the relationship between adolescents' nutritional knowledge, emotional regulation, media influence, and eating behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among 120 students aged 15-17 attending W. Reymont Secondary School No. II in Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland. Participants completed a custom-designed, paper-based questionnaire consisting of 30 single-choice questions and demographic items. The instrument assessed knowledge of eating disorders, body satisfaction, social media impact, and the emotional determinants of food choices. The tool was developed with expert input but has not undergone formal psychometric validation. While many adolescents demonstrated basic nutritional knowledge-such as awareness of BMI norms and food group distribution-they often failed to apply this knowledge to their dietary behaviors. Significant gender differences were observed: girls were more likely to restrict food intake, report emotional eating, and engage in slimming behaviors, while boys were less emotionally reactive and less influenced by social media. Most participants reported eating one meal daily with family but rarely discussed nutrition at home. Emotional involvement in eating, particularly among girls, emerged as a key factor, more influential than social media in shaping dietary behaviors. The findings highlight a clear gap between nutritional knowledge and actual behavior among adolescents, driven in part by emotional dysregulation and body image concerns. School-based interventions should incorporate not only nutritional education but also emotional regulation strategies and media literacy to effectively support healthy eating behaviors in youth.
尽管青少年对营养的认识不断提高，健康生活方式也越来越受欢迎，但饮食失调行为，如神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症、暴饮暴食症（BED）和回避/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID），仍然是重大的公共卫生问题。ARFID直到2013年才被正式认可，在青少年中仍然鲜为人知。本研究旨在评估青少年的营养知识、情绪调节、媒体影响和饮食行为之间的关系。2024年，在波兰大波兰地区奥斯特罗维耶尔科波尔斯基的第二所W.雷蒙特中学，对120名15至17岁的学生进行了一项横断面研究。参与者完成了一份定制的纸质问卷，其中包括30个单项选择题和人口统计学项目。该工具评估了饮食失调知识、身体满意度、社交媒体影响以及食物选择的情绪决定因素。该工具是在专家的参与下开发的，但尚未经过正式的心理测量学验证。虽然许多青少年展示了基本的营养知识，如对BMI规范和食物组分布的认识，但他们往往未能将这些知识应用到自己的饮食行为中。观察到了显著的性别差异：女孩更有可能限制食物摄入、报告情绪化进食并参与减肥行为，而男孩的情绪反应较少，受社交媒体的影响也较小。大多数参与者报告说每天与家人一起吃一顿饭，但在家中很少讨论营养问题。情绪化进食，尤其是在女孩中，成为了一个关键因素，在塑造饮食行为方面比社交媒体更具影响力。研究结果凸显了青少年营养知识与实际行为之间的明显差距，部分原因是情绪失调和身体形象问题。基于学校的干预措施不仅应纳入营养教育，还应纳入情绪调节策略和媒体素养，以有效支持青少年的健康饮食行为。
