Ma Yunlong, Yang Jinyue, Wang Ping, Cheng Guoli, Sun Qinming
Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
Key Laboratory of Special Fruits & Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps., Shihezi 832003, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 19;14(12):1886. doi: 10.3390/plants14121886.
Climate fluctuations due to global warming significantly impact the wine grape industry. This study introduces the Standardized Temperature Adaptation Index (STAI), which is specifically designed to isolate temperature trends and quantify the effects of temperature fluctuations on low-temperature stress affecting Cabernet Sauvignon branches and yields in the wine grape production regions of Xinjiang. A low-temperature fluctuation experiment was conducted on Cabernet Sauvignon branches to simulate the temperature conditions and fluctuations experienced by wine grapes during the overwintering period. The treated branches then underwent recovery growth experiments, during which key physiological stress parameters were measured to assess the impact of temperature fluctuations on grape growth and development during overwintering. The results indicated that under identical low-temperature conditions, increased temperature fluctuations led to a 62% reduction in the budding rate of Cabernet Sauvignon branches, a 6% increase in relative conductivity, and elevated levels of proline, malondialdehyde, and soluble proteins. Additionally, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase initially rose and then declined, indicating that temperature fluctuations intensified low-temperature stress. Data analysis from four wine grape production regions in Xinjiang between 2000 and 2020 revealed that temperature fluctuations corresponded with the peaks and troughs of yield fitting curves, demonstrating a negative correlation. As temperature fluctuations increased, yields decreased. The STAI introduced in this study is a straightforward, standardized measure that accurately reflects the effects of temperature fluctuations on grapes and is a valuable tool for future research on temperature variability and its impacts.
全球变暖导致的气候波动对酿酒葡萄产业产生了重大影响。本研究引入了标准化温度适应指数（STAI），该指数专门用于分离温度趋势，并量化温度波动对新疆酿酒葡萄产区赤霞珠枝条和产量的低温胁迫影响。对赤霞珠枝条进行了低温波动实验，以模拟酿酒葡萄在越冬期间经历的温度条件和波动。然后对处理后的枝条进行恢复生长实验，在此期间测量关键生理胁迫参数，以评估温度波动对葡萄越冬期间生长发育的影响。结果表明，在相同低温条件下，温度波动增加导致赤霞珠枝条萌芽率降低62%，相对电导率增加6%，脯氨酸、丙二醛和可溶性蛋白水平升高。此外，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性先上升后下降，表明温度波动加剧了低温胁迫。对新疆四个酿酒葡萄产区2000年至2020年的数据分析表明，温度波动与产量拟合曲线的峰值和谷值相对应，呈现负相关。随着温度波动增加，产量下降。本研究中引入的STAI是一种简单、标准化的度量方法，能够准确反映温度波动对葡萄的影响，是未来温度变异性及其影响研究的宝贵工具。
