Gnatowski Tomasz, Kwiecińska-Piróg Joanna, Bogiel Tomasz
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 Jurasza Str., 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Str., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Jun 6;17(6):749. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060749.
: Effective drug delivery systems require precise formulation and understanding of excipient impact on active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) stability and efficacy, as uncontrolled interactions can compromise outcomes. This study developed and validated a semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing method for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel disks with metronidazole (MET). These disks served as a standardized platform to assess excipient influence on MET's antimicrobial activity, focusing on plasticizers (polyethylene glycol 400, glycerol, propylene glycol, and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether)-excipients that modify hydrogel properties for their application in printing dressing matrices-with the platform's capabilities demonstrated using in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing against . : Hydrogel inks based on PVA with added plasticizers and MET were prepared. These inks were used to 3D-print standardized disks. The MET content in the disks was precisely determined. The antimicrobial activity of all formulation variants was evaluated using the disk diffusion method against . : The incorporated plasticizers did not negatively affect the antimicrobial efficacy of MET against . All printed hydrogel matrices exhibited clear antimicrobial activity. The 3D-printed disks showed high repeatability and precision regarding MET content. : SSE 3D printing is viable for manufacturing precise, reproducible MET-loaded PVA hydrogel disks. It provides a standardized platform to evaluate diverse excipient impacts, like plasticizers, on API antimicrobial performance. The tested plasticizers were compatible with MET. This platform aids rational formulation design and screening for optimal excipients in designed formulations and for various pharmaceutical applications.
有效的药物递送系统需要精确的配方，并了解辅料对活性药物成分（API）稳定性和疗效的影响，因为不受控制的相互作用可能会影响结果。本研究开发并验证了一种用于制备含甲硝唑（MET）的聚乙烯醇（PVA）基水凝胶圆盘的半固体挤出（SSE）3D打印方法。这些圆盘作为一个标准化平台，用于评估辅料对MET抗菌活性的影响，重点关注增塑剂（聚乙二醇400、甘油、丙二醇和二乙二醇单乙醚）——这些辅料可改变水凝胶性质以应用于打印敷料基质——通过针对……的体外抗菌药敏试验展示该平台的能力。：制备了基于PVA并添加增塑剂和MET的水凝胶油墨。这些油墨用于3D打印标准化圆盘。精确测定圆盘中的MET含量。使用圆盘扩散法针对……评估所有配方变体的抗菌活性。：掺入的增塑剂不会对MET对……的抗菌效力产生负面影响。所有打印的水凝胶基质均表现出明显的抗菌活性。3D打印圆盘在MET含量方面显示出高重复性和精确性。：SSE 3D打印对于制造精确、可重复的载MET PVA水凝胶圆盘是可行的。它提供了一个标准化平台，以评估增塑剂等多种辅料对API抗菌性能的影响。测试的增塑剂与MET兼容。该平台有助于合理的配方设计和筛选设计配方及各种药物应用中的最佳辅料。
