Sivakumar Rooban, Senghor K A Arul, Vinodhini V M, Kumar Janardhanan
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of General Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Curr Cardiol Rev. 2025 Jun 20. doi: 10.2174/011573403X375709250616134726.
Vascular aging profoundly affects the onset of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, mostly as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review examines the protective roles of mitochondrial-derived peptides such as humanin, MOTS-c, and small humanin-like peptides in mitigating vascular aging. These peptides, encoded by mitochondrial DNA, are crucial for regulating apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which have a major role in vascular health. MDPs have significant prospects as therapeutic and biomarker possibilities for the early diagnosis and intervention of vascular aging. MDPs influence the functions of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells by modulating critical signaling pathways, including AMPK, mTOR, and sirtuins. These pathways are essential for facilitating cellular metabolism, enhancing stress resilience, and prolonging longevity. Moreover, MDPs are essential in mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics, vital for mitigating endothelial dysfunction and enhancing vascular resilience. Furthermore, MDPs contribute to immunological modulation and the regulation of inflammatory responses, underscoring their potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of age-related vascular disorders. This review analyzes the various functions of MDPs in vascular health and their therapeutic importance, advocating for more studies to optimize their clinical benefits. By understanding the comprehensive roles and mechanisms of these multifunctional peptides, we can better appreciate their capacity to prevent and treat vascular aging and associated cardiovascular disorders. Future research should aim to further elucidate their therapeutic effects and optimize their clinical applications.
血管老化深刻影响老年人心血管疾病的发病，主要是线粒体功能障碍所致。本综述探讨了人胰岛素、MOTS-c和小分子类人胰岛素肽等线粒体衍生肽在减轻血管老化方面的保护作用。这些由线粒体DNA编码的肽对于调节细胞凋亡、炎症和氧化应激至关重要，而这些因素在血管健康中起主要作用。线粒体衍生肽作为血管老化早期诊断和干预的治疗手段及生物标志物具有重要前景。线粒体衍生肽通过调节包括AMPK、mTOR和sirtuins在内的关键信号通路来影响内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的功能。这些信号通路对于促进细胞代谢、增强应激恢复能力和延长寿命至关重要。此外，线粒体衍生肽在线粒体生物能量学和动力学中也很重要，这对于减轻内皮功能障碍和增强血管弹性至关重要。此外，线粒体衍生肽有助于免疫调节和炎症反应的调控，凸显了它们在治疗与年龄相关的血管疾病中的潜在治疗应用价值。本综述分析了线粒体衍生肽在血管健康中的各种功能及其治疗重要性，主张开展更多研究以优化其临床益处。通过了解这些多功能肽的综合作用和机制，我们能更好地认识它们预防和治疗血管老化及相关心血管疾病的能力。未来研究应旨在进一步阐明其治疗效果并优化其临床应用。
