Abu-Shomar Reem, Zeitoun Mark, Abbara Aula, Elmanama Abdelraouf
Islamic University of Gaza & AL Azhar University, Palestine, Gaza.
United Nations University - Institute for Water, Environment and Health, Richmond Hill, Canada.
IJID Reg. 2025 May 21;15:100671. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2025.100671. eCollection 2025 Jun.
To assess the antibiotic resistance profile, multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI), and genetic determinants of spp. isolated from water sources in primary health care centers in Gaza. This investigation aimed to understand potential risks for nosocomial transmission, particularly in the context of deteriorating healthcare and water infrastructure in conflict zone.
A total of 64 water samples were collected from five primary health care centers across Gaza (April-August 2022). Isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested via the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method; MARI was calculated, and polymerase chain reaction was used to detect New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase () genes.
spp. were isolated from 59.4% of samples (desalinated: 48.3%; municipal: 68.6%). High resistance was observed to imipenem (84%) and piperacillin (84%), followed by aztreonam (31.6%) and gentamicin (28.9%). The average MARI was 0.4. genes were detected in a subset of isolates.
The presence of multidrug-resistant, -producing in reverse osmosis and municipal water highlights the urgent need for water safety, screening, and infection control in conflict-affected health care settings.
评估从加沙地带基层医疗中心水源分离出的 菌的抗生素耐药谱、多重抗生素耐药指数（MARI）及基因决定因素。本调查旨在了解医院内传播的潜在风险，尤其是在冲突地区医疗保健和水基础设施不断恶化的背景下。
2022年4月至8月期间，从加沙地带的五个基层医疗中心共采集了64份水样。使用标准微生物技术鉴定分离株。通过 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法检测抗生素敏感性；计算 MARI，并使用聚合酶链反应检测新德里金属β-内酰胺酶（ ）基因。
59.4%的样本中分离出了 菌（淡化水：48.3%；市政水：68.6%）。观察到对亚胺培南（84%）和哌拉西林（84%）的耐药性较高，其次是氨曲南（31.6%）和庆大霉素（28.9%）。平均 MARI 为 0.4。在一部分分离株中检测到了 基因。
反渗透水和市政水中存在产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的多重耐药菌，凸显了在受冲突影响的医疗环境中保障水安全、进行筛查和感染控制的迫切需求。
