Fahes Fatima, Dib Israa, El Haidari Rana, Nourdine Fatima, Baydoun Kassem, Mansour Samir, Hoballah Abbas, Fakih Mohamad
Reaseach Department, Health Society, Baabda, Lebanon.
Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Système Urbains (LEESU), University PaRIS-Est Crétail, 94010, Crèteil Cedex, France.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 27;15(1):10539. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89048-3.
Multiple sources of drinking water are commonly used in Lebanon, including bottled water, tap water, potable water, spring, artesian wells and station filtered water. The quality of these waters is of great concern, as its contamination could lead to waterborne outbreaks. We aimed to investigate the quality of drinking water in Lebanon, considering different sources and geographic distributions, and to compare their profiles across diverse governorates. A total of 200 samples (133 potable water, 28 station filtered water, 18 tap water, 8 spring water, 7 artesian well water and 6 bottled water) from five Lebanese governorates (Nabatieh, Beqaa, Mount Lebanon, Baalbek-Hermel and South Lebanon) were analyzed for physico-chemical and bacterial properties. The results indicated elevated phosphate concentrations in all areas (> 1.35 mg/L). Additionally, all analyzed bacteria were present in all regions, highlighting the lack of contamination-free sources. While in Baalbek-Hermel, followed by Nabatieh, exhibited the highest chemical levels, microbiological contamination particularly total and fecal coliforms, was consistent across governorates, showing no significant difference (p > 0.05). However, the distribution of Streptococcus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa varied significantly among the different zones (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). All drinking water sources in various Lebanese governorates were found to be contaminated with multiple contaminants. Based on these findings, the sources used for drinking in Lebanon are not entirely safe and require monitoring.
黎巴嫩通常使用多种饮用水源，包括瓶装水、自来水、饮用水、泉水、自流井和站点过滤水。这些水源的质量备受关注，因为其污染可能导致水源性疾病爆发。我们旨在调查黎巴嫩不同水源和地理分布的饮用水质量，并比较不同省份的水质情况。从黎巴嫩五个省份（纳巴提耶、贝卡、黎巴嫩山、巴勒贝克 - 赫尔梅勒和南黎巴嫩）共采集了200个样本（133个饮用水样本、28个站点过滤水样本、18个自来水样本、8个泉水样本、7个自流井水样本和6个瓶装水样本），对其理化和细菌特性进行了分析。结果表明，所有地区的磷酸盐浓度均升高（> 1.35毫克/升）。此外，所有分析的细菌在所有地区均有出现，这凸显了没有无污染的水源。虽然巴勒贝克 - 赫尔梅勒其次是纳巴提耶的化学水平最高，但微生物污染，特别是总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群，在各省份中较为一致，无显著差异（p > 0.05）。然而，链球菌和铜绿假单胞菌在不同区域的分布差异显著（分别为p < 0.０01和p < 0.01）。黎巴嫩不同省份的所有饮用水源均被多种污染物污染。基于这些发现，黎巴嫩用于饮用的水源并不完全安全，需要进行监测。
