Musa Mutali, Aluyi-Osa Gladness, Chukwuyem Ekele, Bale Babatunde Ismail, D'Esposito Fabiana, Tognetto Daniele, Gagliano Caterina, Zeppieri Marco
Department of Ophthalmology, Africa Eye Laser Center Ltd., Benin 300211, Nigeria.
Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin 300283, Nigeria.
World J Virol. 2025 Jun 25;14(2):101944. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.101944.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that can cause significant ocular morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
To summarize the current understanding of the ophthalmic impact of CMV, with a focus on its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management, ocular symptoms of CMV floaters, blurred vision, and loss of peripheral vision, eventually progressing to retinal necrosis and detachment. CMV retinitis (CMVR) is a sight-threatening condition that can lead to retinal detachment, blindness, and even death.
We discuss the pathophysiology of CMVR, including the role of immune suppression and viral reactivation. We also examine the clinical features of CMVR, including its characteristic retinal lesions and associated ocular complications. Diagnostic approaches are reviewed, including polymerase chain reaction and fundus photography.
We discuss treatment options, including antiviral medications, intravitreal injections, and surgical interventions. Finally, we highlight areas of ongoing research and future directions in managing CMV-related ocular disease.
CMV poses a significant threat to ocular health, particularly in immunocompromised populations such as those with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）是一种普遍存在的疱疹病毒，可导致严重的眼部疾病，尤其是在免疫功能低下的个体中。
总结目前对CMV眼部影响的认识，重点关注其流行病学、临床表现、诊断和管理，CMV的眼部症状包括飞蚊症、视力模糊和周边视力丧失，最终发展为视网膜坏死和脱离。CMV视网膜炎（CMVR）是一种威胁视力的疾病，可导致视网膜脱离、失明甚至死亡。
我们讨论了CMVR的病理生理学，包括免疫抑制和病毒再激活的作用。我们还研究了CMVR的临床特征，包括其特征性的视网膜病变和相关的眼部并发症。回顾了诊断方法，包括聚合酶链反应和眼底摄影。
我们讨论了治疗选择，包括抗病毒药物、玻璃体内注射和手术干预。最后，我们强调了在管理CMV相关眼病方面正在进行的研究领域和未来方向。
CMV对眼部健康构成重大威胁，尤其是在免疫功能低下的人群中，如人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者。
