Rochford Hannah I, Le Aurora B
Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Saf Health Work. 2025 Jun;16(2):164-171. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.01.007. Epub 2025 Feb 3.
Earned sick leave (ESL) policies enable employees to have paid time off to address short-term, individual, or familial health needs. In the U.S., ESL is not federally mandated, but state ESL adoption has increased. Despite this increase, if and how ESL policies impact nonfatal illness/injury reporting by workers remain unknown.
Average treatment effect on the treated estimates of ESL policies were reached using two-way fixed effects and Gardner's two-stage difference-in-differences approach. Annual state rates of occupational nonfatal illness/injury reports were derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for each North American Industry Classification. ESL policy data were accessed from Temple University Center for Public Health Law Research's Law Atlas.
In states that adopted ESL prior to 2019, two-way fixed effect analyses suggest a marginally significant increase in rates of nonfatal illness/injury reports across industries (+0.064 cases per 100 full-time workers, = 0.10) following the implementation of ESL policies. Industries with low proportions of insured employees did not experience a change in reported illness/injury following ESL policy adoption. Industries with high proportions of employees with known barriers to care also experienced no change in reported illness/injury post ESL adoption.
ESL policy enactment is a promising strategy for improving worker wellbeing by encouraging reporting to employers and foreseeably increasing use of time off for illness/injury recovery. However, results also suggest ESL policies do not benefit all employees to the same extent.
带薪病假政策使员工能够带薪休假，以满足短期的个人或家庭健康需求。在美国，联邦政府并未强制实行带薪病假政策，但各州采用该政策的情况有所增加。尽管如此，带薪病假政策是否以及如何影响员工报告非致命疾病/伤害的情况仍不明确。
采用双向固定效应和加德纳两阶段双重差分法得出带薪病假政策对已实施该政策州的平均治疗效果估计值。每年各州职业非致命疾病/伤害报告率来自劳工统计局针对每个北美行业分类的数据。带薪病假政策数据取自天普大学公共卫生法律研究中心的法律地图集。
在2019年之前采用带薪病假政策的州，双向固定效应分析表明，实施该政策后，各行业非致命疾病/伤害报告率略有显著上升（每100名全职工人增加0.064例，P = 0.10）。参保员工比例较低的行业在采用带薪病假政策后，报告的疾病/伤害情况没有变化。有已知就医障碍的员工比例较高的行业在采用带薪病假政策后，报告的疾病/伤害情况也没有变化。
制定带薪病假政策是一项有前景的策略，通过鼓励员工向雇主报告，并可预见地增加用于疾病/伤害康复的休假时间，来改善员工的福祉。然而，结果也表明，带薪病假政策并非对所有员工都有同等程度的益处。
