School of Public Policy, Pennsylvania State University, Pond Laboratory, 322, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
J Public Health Policy. 2022 Dec;43(4):530-541. doi: 10.1057/s41271-022-00371-9. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
The link between policy design choices and health is an important, yet understudied area of public health research. I investigate the impact of the generosity, inclusion, and autonomy of state paid sick leave laws on influenza-like-illness (ILI) rates and its components using data from the Centers for Disease Control and state-level paid sick leave statutes. I found that paid sick leave policies that include small firms and that allow for a larger number of medical uses have lower ILI rates, relative to states with less comprehensive policies. States with policies that had more generous accrual rates and that included a wide variety of worker types (temporary, part-time, students) increased the total number of reported medical cases, relative to states with less comprehensive policies. Policymakers contemplating paid sick leave policies should consider these design choices in their goals to incentivize health care utilization and to reduce contagion.
政策设计选择与健康之间的关系是公共卫生研究中一个重要但研究不足的领域。我利用疾病控制中心和州级带薪病假法规的数据，研究了国家带薪病假法的慷慨程度、包容性和自主性对流感样疾病（ILI）发病率及其构成的影响。我发现，与政策不太全面的州相比，那些包含小企业、允许更多医疗用途的带薪病假政策，ILI 发病率更低。那些有更慷慨的累积率和包括各种工人类型（临时工、兼职、学生）的政策的州，与政策不太全面的州相比，报告的医疗病例总数增加。考虑带薪病假政策的政策制定者应该在激励医疗保健利用和减少传染病方面考虑这些设计选择。
