Dandash Fatima, Salhab Zahraa, Issa Rawan, Al Dirani Zeinab, Hamze Mariam, Fares Gabriel, Berro Fatima, Shaalan Fatima, Hamade Ali, Merimi Makram, Najar Mehdi, Dakroub Rayan, Khreis Douaa, Fayyad-Kazan Mohammad, Fayyad-Kazan Hussein
Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Jun 28. doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-01817-8.
Autoimmune diseases are often idiopathic, with complex immune cell interactions that remain poorly understood. Cytokines, signaling molecules with a dual nature, play a pivotal role in these conditions. While they are essential for regulating immune responses and have therapeutic applications, they can also contribute to inflammation and the development of autoimmune disorders. Key cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-23 (IL-23), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review aims to explore the dual role of cytokines in autoimmune diseases, focusing on their involvement in disease pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic targets. It evaluates the mechanisms and clinical outcomes of anti-cytokine inhibitors while highlighting gaps in current research that could pave the way for improved treatments. Anti-cytokine therapies have shown significant promise in managing conditions like IBD, MS, and RA, but challenges remain in optimizing their efficacy and minimizing side effects. Further research is needed to better understand the intricate roles of cytokines in autoimmunity and to refine therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
自身免疫性疾病通常是特发性的，其免疫细胞相互作用复杂，目前仍了解甚少。细胞因子作为具有双重性质的信号分子，在这些疾病中起着关键作用。虽然它们对于调节免疫反应至关重要且具有治疗应用价值，但它们也可能导致炎症和自身免疫性疾病的发展。关键细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）、白细胞介素-23（IL-23）、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）已被证明与炎症性肠病（IBD）、多发性硬化症（MS）和类风湿性关节炎（RA）等自身免疫性疾病的发病机制有关。本综述旨在探讨细胞因子在自身免疫性疾病中的双重作用，重点关注它们在疾病发病机制中的作用以及作为治疗靶点的潜力。它评估了抗细胞因子抑制剂的作用机制和临床疗效，同时突出了当前研究中的空白，这些空白可能为改进治疗方法铺平道路。抗细胞因子疗法在治疗IBD、MS和RA等疾病方面已显示出显著的前景，但在优化其疗效和最小化副作用方面仍存在挑战。需要进一步研究以更好地理解细胞因子在自身免疫中的复杂作用，并完善治疗策略，最终改善患者的治疗效果。
