Khan Momtafin, King Will D, Brenner Darren R, Peters Cheryl E, O'Sullivan Dylan E
Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2025 Aug;97:102872. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2025.102872. Epub 2025 Jun 27.
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of recreational and occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with the risk of developing prostate cancer (PC).
Data from three provincial prospective cohorts in Canada (Ontario Health Study, Québec's CARTaGENE, and Alberta's Tomorrow Project) were used. A nested case-cohort approach was applied for the examination of occupational solar UVR and was based on longest held job at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time-scale were used to estimate the risk of PC associated with self-reported time spent in the sun and occupational solar UVR (weighted model). Effect modification by body mass index (BMI) was explored.
A total of 543 PC cases were included in the analysis of time spent in the sun and 1667 PC cases were included in the analysis of occupational solar UVR. Compared to < 1 h/day in the sun, 1-< 2 h (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.81-1.13) and ≥ 2 h (HR 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.76-1.05) were not significantly associated with PC risk. Occupational solar UVR was also not significantly associated with PC risk (HR 1.08, 95 % CI: 0.90-1.30). Compared to < 1 h/day, individuals who spent 1-< 2 h in the sun were at a reduced risk of PC if they had a normal BMI (HR 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.44-0.92), but not if they were overweight (HR 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.76-1.30) or obese (HR 1.20, 95 % CI: 0.90-1.61).
Overall, results do not support an association between solar UVR exposure and PC risk, but larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. There is some indication of effect modification by BMI that should be explored in future studies.
本研究的目的是探讨娱乐性和职业性暴露于太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）与患前列腺癌（PC）风险之间的关系。
使用了来自加拿大三个省级前瞻性队列的数据（安大略健康研究、魁北克的CARTaGENE和阿尔伯塔的明日项目）。采用巢式病例对照研究方法来研究职业性太阳UVR暴露情况，该方法基于基线时从事时间最长的工作。以年龄作为时间尺度的Cox比例风险模型用于估计与自我报告的晒太阳时间和职业性太阳UVR暴露相关的PC风险（加权模型）。探讨了体重指数（BMI）的效应修正作用。
共有543例PC病例纳入晒太阳时间分析，1667例PC病例纳入职业性太阳UVR暴露分析。与每天晒太阳<1小时相比，1至<2小时（风险比[HR]0.96，95%置信区间：0.81-1.13）和≥2小时（HR 0.89，95%置信区间：0.76-1.05）与PC风险无显著关联。职业性太阳UVR暴露与PC风险也无显著关联（HR 1.08，95%置信区间：0.90-1.30）。与每天<1小时相比，晒太阳1至<2小时的个体，若BMI正常，则患PC的风险降低（HR 0.64，95%置信区间：0.44-0.92），但超重（HR 0.99，95%置信区间：0.76-1.30）或肥胖（HR 1.20，95%置信区间：0.90-1.61）者则不然。
总体而言，结果不支持太阳UVR暴露与PC风险之间存在关联，但需要更大规模的研究来证实这些发现。有迹象表明BMI存在效应修正作用，未来研究应予以探讨。
