Zhang Hui-Xin, Han Mei, Kong Xiang-Lun, Sun Jin-Xin, Duan Xu-Meng
Yellow River Delta Soil and Water Resources Conservation and High-quality Development Characteristic Laboratory, School of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Jun 8;46(6):3656-3671. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202405133.
The Yellow River Estuary National Park is located in the land-sea-river interaction zone. The ecosystem of this area is fragile， and the study of its ecosystem health is the basis to promote the healthy and stable development of the national park ecosystem. Based on the Vigor， Organization， Resilience， and Ecosystem Service Function （VORS） model， the land ecosystem health level of the Yellow River Estuary National Park was evaluated. The results of ecosystem health evaluation were verified by the remote sensing ecological index of water body shape， and the spatial autocorrelation model was used to reveal the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecosystem health. The main driving factors of spatial differentiation were explored by using the optimal parameter geographic detector model. The results showed that： ① The health level of the terrestrial ecosystem in the Yellow River Estuary National Park was mainly good and general， and the proportion of the area was 30.64% and 47.66%， respectively. ② The water body shape remote sensing ecological index， ESRI world image， and ecosystem health level are in good agreement. ③ From the perspective of spatial distribution， the healthy areas of the ecosystem were concentrated on both sides of the Yellow River. The good areas were distributed in the waters between the salt marsh wetland and the beach in the southern region. The general area was distributed in the northern area and the eastern part of the southern area， mainly for salt marsh wetlands and beaches. The poor area was concentrated in the cultivated land area in the southeast of the study area. The poor areas were scattered， mainly for construction land. ④ Factor detection showed that the spatial differentiation of ecosystem health was mainly driven by the normalized vegetation index （NDVI）. The interactive detection shows that NDVI population density had the strongest explanatory power for driving spatial differentiation of ecosystem health. The results can provide scientific basis for ecosystem protection and management in the Yellow River Estuary National Park.
黄河口国家公园位于陆海河交互作用地带。该区域生态系统脆弱，对其生态系统健康状况进行研究是促进国家公园生态系统健康稳定发展的基础。基于活力、组织、恢复力和生态系统服务功能（VORS）模型，对黄河口国家公园陆地生态系统健康水平进行了评价。利用水体形态遥感生态指数对生态系统健康评价结果进行了验证，并运用空间自相关模型揭示了生态系统健康的空间分异特征。采用最优参数地理探测器模型探究了空间分异的主要驱动因素。结果表明：①黄河口国家公园陆地生态系统健康水平主要为良好和一般，面积占比分别为30.64%和47.66%。②水体形态遥感生态指数、ESRI世界影像与生态系统健康水平具有较好的一致性。③从空间分布来看，生态系统健康区域集中在黄河两岸；良好区域分布在南部盐沼湿地与海滩之间的水域；一般区域分布在北部以及南部东部地区，主要为盐沼湿地和海滩；较差区域集中在研究区东南部的耕地，较差区域较为分散，主要为建设用地。④因子探测表明，生态系统健康的空间分异主要受归一化植被指数（NDVI）驱动。交互探测表明，NDVI人口密度对生态系统健康空间分异的驱动解释力最强。研究结果可为黄河口国家公园生态系统保护与管理提供科学依据。
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