Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the larynx: a review of current literature and case analysis.

Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the larynx are rare malignancies with aggressive behavior, histopathological diversity, and poor prognosis. Their management remains challenging due to limited case reports and the lack of standardized treatment guidelines. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to summarize classification, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for laryngeal NECs. Additionally, we present a representative case of a 64-year-old male patient diagnosed with large cell NEC of the larynx, treated with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy, with long-term follow-up. Laryngeal NECs require a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment should be tailored based on tumor grade, stage, and histopathological subtype. Advances in molecular profiling and targeted therapies may improve patient outcomes in the future. Due to their rarity, further prospective studies and international collaborations are needed to establish evidence-based treatment guidelines.