Elmore Kayla M, Lamont Susan J, Bobeck Elizabeth A
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jun 16;16:1608391. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608391. eCollection 2025.
Previous research has investigated highly inbred chicken genetic lines from a metabolic, immune response, genetic profile, and immune trait standpoint, including response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fayoumi lines (M5.1, M15.2) are known for their resistance to bacterial and viral infections, while Leghorn lines (Ghs6, Ghs13) display lower disease resistance. Results highlighted a need to increase LPS dose above initial work using 1mg/kg bodyweight (BW). Therefore, this study investigated the immune profiles and metabolic phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from highly inbred genetic lines under resting and stressed metabolic states. Fifty-four adult birds from 5 highly inbred genetic lines (M5.1, M15.2, Ghs13, Line-8, and Sp-21.1) were randomly assigned to 0.9% sterile saline control or 2.4 mg/kg BW intramuscular LPS ( O55:B5). BW was recorded at baseline before injection and 24 h post-injection (hpi). Cloacal temperature was recorded at baseline, 2 hpi, and 24 hpi, while blood was collected for flow cytometry and metabolic analysis. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 MIXED procedure with genetic line, injection status, and interaction as fixed effects, with significance at ≤ 0.05. Baseline immune cell profiles varied by line ( ≤ 0.001). At 2 hpi, LPS did not impact BW or temperature, but influenced all queried immune cell populations while decreasing ATP production and glycolytic rates ( ≤ 0.02). At 2 hpi, M5.1, Line-8, and Sp-21.1 LPS-inoculated birds had increased circulating CD3 cells (51.8-62.3%, ≤ 0.0001). LPS decreased CD3CD1.1 cell levels by 34.1% at 2 hpi ( ≤ 0.0001). M5.1, M15.2, and Line-8 controls had 14.9-66.5% higher CD3CD4 levels than LPS-inoculated birds, while CD3CD4 cells were 12.2% lower in Ghs13 post-LPS ( ≤ 0.0001). CD3CD8α populations increased 41.1-63.2% in all LPS-injected birds at 2 hpi, except Ghs13 ( ≤ 0.0001). These results highlight genetic line-specific immune responses to LPS. By 24 hpi, immune profiles and glycolytic rates were largely recovered from LPS, while genetic line effects persisted, indicating line-specific immune responses ( ≤ 0.04). Further understanding cellular preference and metabolic switching during inflammatory challenges could provide insight into how to best support and optimize bird performance during the production cycles.
以往的研究从代谢、免疫反应、基因图谱和免疫特性等角度，对高度近亲繁殖的鸡遗传品系进行了调查，包括对脂多糖（LPS）的反应。法尤米品系（M5.1、M15.2）以其对细菌和病毒感染的抗性而闻名，而来航鸡品系（Ghs6、Ghs13）的抗病性较低。结果表明，需要将LPS剂量提高到高于最初使用1mg/kg体重（BW）的水平。因此，本研究调查了高度近亲繁殖遗传品系的外周血单核细胞（PBMC）在静息和应激代谢状态下的免疫图谱和代谢表型。来自5个高度近亲繁殖遗传品系（M5.1、M15.2、Ghs13、Line-8和Sp-21.1）的54只成年鸡被随机分配到0.9%无菌生理盐水对照组或2.4mg/kg BW肌肉注射LPS（O55:B5）。在注射前的基线和注射后24小时（hpi）记录体重。在基线、2 hpi和24 hpi记录泄殖腔温度，同时采集血液用于流式细胞术和代谢分析。使用SAS 9.4混合程序对数据进行分析，将遗传品系、注射状态和相互作用作为固定效应，显著性水平设定为≤0.05。基线免疫细胞图谱因品系而异（≤0.001）。在2 hpi时，LPS对体重或温度没有影响，但影响了所有检测的免疫细胞群体，同时降低了ATP产生和糖酵解速率（≤0.02）。在2 hpi时，接种LPS的M5.1、Line-8和Sp-21.1品系的鸡循环CD3细胞增加（51.8 - 62.3%，≤0.0001）。在2 hpi时，LPS使CD3CD1.1细胞水平降低了34.1%（≤0.0001）。M5.1、M15.2和Line-8对照组的CD3CD4水平比接种LPS的鸡高14.9 - 66.5%，而LPS处理后的Ghs13品系中CD3CD4细胞降低了12.2%（≤0.0001）。在2 hpi时，除Ghs13外，所有注射LPS的鸡的CD3CD8α群体增加了41.1 - 63.2%（≤0.0001）。这些结果突出了遗传品系对LPS的特异性免疫反应。到24 hpi时，免疫图谱和糖酵解速率在很大程度上从LPS作用中恢复，而遗传品系效应仍然存在，表明存在品系特异性免疫反应（≤0.04）。进一步了解炎症挑战期间的细胞偏好和代谢转换，可能有助于深入了解如何在生产周期中最好地支持和优化鸡的性能。
