Shafiei Rezvani Nejad Kosar, Mirpour Zinat Sadat, Novin Mohammad Hassan, Najafi Chenari Anita, Jafaryparvar Zakiyeh
Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
Iran J Psychiatry. 2024 Oct;19(4):402-411. doi: 10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16553.
Intimate partner emotional abuse is a serious issue that can lead to catastrophic outcomes for victims. Emotional abuse involves psychological tactics to control, manipulate, and degrade a person within an intimate relationship. This research aimed to translate the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) developed by Jacobson and Gottman into Persian for use among Iranian university students. The translation of the 66-item EAQ involved a meticulous forward and backward translation process, linguistic matching, and a pilot review. In this cross-sectional study, 346 university students from Rasht, Iran, completed the EAQ. The mean age of participants was 26.78 ± 8.10 years, with most being female (89.0%). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest analysis while content and face validity were assessed by a panel of experts. Construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency measures. Divergent validity was assessed by comparing the EAQ with the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS). Impact scores for face validity ranged from 2.33 to 3.92, based on respondents' ratings of frequency and importance. Content validity assessment led to removing four items with a CVR below 0.62, resulting in 62 valid items. The EAQ showed strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.97, exceeding the acceptable threshold of 0.70. CFA results confirmed the validity of the second-order factor model of the EAQ (χ/df = 4.34, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.098, SRMR = 0.077). The EAQ demonstrated a strong correlation with EMS measures, confirming divergent validity. The Persian version of the EAQ is a reliable instrument for assessing emotional abuse among Iranian university students. Future research should explore the cultural sensitivity of the questionnaire and investigate associations between emotional abuse and other variables of interest, such as mental health outcomes or relationship dynamics. These avenues promise valuable insights into the frequency and effects of emotional abuse across diverse cultural contexts.
亲密伴侣情感虐待是一个严重的问题，可能给受害者带来灾难性后果。情感虐待涉及在亲密关系中运用心理策略来控制、操纵和贬低一个人。本研究旨在将雅各布森和戈特曼开发的《情感虐待问卷》（EAQ）翻译成波斯语，供伊朗大学生使用。这份包含66个条目的EAQ的翻译过程严谨，包括细致的正向和反向翻译、语言匹配以及预试验评审。在这项横断面研究中，来自伊朗拉什特的346名大学生完成了EAQ。参与者的平均年龄为26.78±8.10岁，大多数为女性（89.0%）。使用克朗巴赫α系数和重测分析评估信度，同时由专家小组评估内容效度和表面效度。通过验证性因素分析（CFA）和内部一致性测量来检验结构效度。通过将EAQ与《ENRICH婚姻满意度量表》（EMS）进行比较来评估区分效度。基于受访者对频率和重要性的评分，表面效度的影响得分在2.33至3.92之间。内容效度评估导致剔除了4个CVR低于0.62的条目，最终得到62个有效条目。EAQ显示出很强的内部一致性，克朗巴赫α系数为0.97，超过了可接受的阈值0.70。CFA结果证实了EAQ二阶因素模型的有效性（χ/df = 4.34，CFI = 0.95，RMSEA = 0.098，SRMR = 0.077）。EAQ与EMS测量结果显示出很强的相关性，证实了区分效度。波斯语版的EAQ是评估伊朗大学生情感虐待的可靠工具。未来的研究应探讨该问卷的文化敏感性，并调查情感虐待与其他相关变量之间的关联，如心理健康结果或关系动态。这些研究方向有望为不同文化背景下情感虐待的频率和影响提供有价值的见解。
